| Summary: | The Indian Ocean is an important member of the Pan Tertiary Sea-Land-Air System, and a key sea area to comprehensively and smoothly promote the construction of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road". Its thermal status seriously impacts the Asian monsoon variability and further China and global climate changes. This paper analyzed and discussed the Indian Ocean thermal anomaly from the perspectives of mode classification, meso and small scale association, air sea interaction process, inter-ocean synergistic effect, and the risk of key impacts on China′s climate and environment, and put forward research suggestions based on the research status and deficiencies. The results showed that the Indian Ocean thermal differentiation and cross regional multi-source and multi-scale interaction and coordination played an important role in synergistic regulating the monsoon climate and environmental ecology in eastern China and caused serious disaster risks. It was suggested to carry out a comprehensive ocean survey of total factor and whole process through international cooperation, consolidate the multi-dimensional systematic observation system of the Indian Ocean, highlight the research on the meso and small-scale dynamic processes in the Indian Ocean, deepen the climate diagnosis analysis of the coupling mechanism, joint influence and synergistic effect related to the interaction, influence and adaptation of the cross interface multi-scale processes, and clarify the role subordination and channel mechanism. It is important to develop self adaptive and self-organizing new methods of big data diagnostic with artificial intelligence and machine learning as well as digital twin new technology, enrich the research and development of small and medium-resoluted theories and modeling, improve the research and prediction level of China′s monsoon climate, marine environment change and particularly extreme disasters, in order to serve for key risk prediction, hierarchical regionalization and accurate disaster prevention, and providing necessary scientific reference and technology support for the climate and marine environment security of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" and disaster prevention,mitigation and risk governance in China.
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