The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG study
ObjectiveThis study tested the reactivity of motor cortex inhibition to different intensities of external stimulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and its internal modulation during different motor states in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.MethodsTMS-evoked N100 served...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1209801/full |
| _version_ | 1797656131914432512 |
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| author | Julia Schmidgen Kerstin Konrad Kerstin Konrad Veit Roessner Stephan Bender Stephan Bender |
| author_facet | Julia Schmidgen Kerstin Konrad Kerstin Konrad Veit Roessner Stephan Bender Stephan Bender |
| author_sort | Julia Schmidgen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveThis study tested the reactivity of motor cortex inhibition to different intensities of external stimulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and its internal modulation during different motor states in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.MethodsTMS-evoked N100 served as an indirect measure of GABAB receptor function which is related to cortical inhibition. Combined TMS/EEG was used to analyze the TMS-evoked N100 component evoked by different stimulation intensities as well as during resting condition, movement preparation (contingent negative variation task) and movement execution. The study included 18 early adolescents with Tourette syndrome and 15 typically developing control subjects.ResultsTMS-evoked N100 showed a less steep increase with increasing TMS intensity in Tourette syndrome together with less modulation (disinhibition) over the primary motor cortex during the motor states movement preparation and movement execution. Children with Tourette syndrome showed equally high N100 amplitudes at 110% resting motor threshold (RMT) intensity during resting condition and a parallel decline of RMT and N100 amplitude with increasing age as control subjects.ConclusionOur study yields preliminary evidence that modulation of motor cortical inhibitory circuits, during external direct stimulation by different TMS intensities and during volitional movement preparation and execution is different in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome compared to controls. These results suggest that a reduced resting motor cortical inhibitory “reserve” could contribute to the production of unwanted movements. Our findings are compatible with increased regulation of motor cortex excitability by perception-action binding in Tourette syndrome instead of top-down / motor regulation and need to be replicated in further studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:24:56Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:24:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-9118e710210e4945864238f2930ce06b2023-10-19T06:07:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-10-011710.3389/fnins.2023.12098011209801The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG studyJulia Schmidgen0Kerstin Konrad1Kerstin Konrad2Veit Roessner3Stephan Bender4Stephan Bender5Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyChild Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, GermanyJARA-BRAIN Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Jülich, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Custav Carus, TU, Dresden, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Custav Carus, TU, Dresden, GermanyObjectiveThis study tested the reactivity of motor cortex inhibition to different intensities of external stimulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and its internal modulation during different motor states in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.MethodsTMS-evoked N100 served as an indirect measure of GABAB receptor function which is related to cortical inhibition. Combined TMS/EEG was used to analyze the TMS-evoked N100 component evoked by different stimulation intensities as well as during resting condition, movement preparation (contingent negative variation task) and movement execution. The study included 18 early adolescents with Tourette syndrome and 15 typically developing control subjects.ResultsTMS-evoked N100 showed a less steep increase with increasing TMS intensity in Tourette syndrome together with less modulation (disinhibition) over the primary motor cortex during the motor states movement preparation and movement execution. Children with Tourette syndrome showed equally high N100 amplitudes at 110% resting motor threshold (RMT) intensity during resting condition and a parallel decline of RMT and N100 amplitude with increasing age as control subjects.ConclusionOur study yields preliminary evidence that modulation of motor cortical inhibitory circuits, during external direct stimulation by different TMS intensities and during volitional movement preparation and execution is different in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome compared to controls. These results suggest that a reduced resting motor cortical inhibitory “reserve” could contribute to the production of unwanted movements. Our findings are compatible with increased regulation of motor cortex excitability by perception-action binding in Tourette syndrome instead of top-down / motor regulation and need to be replicated in further studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1209801/fullTourette syndromeinhibitionTMSEEGN100MEP |
| spellingShingle | Julia Schmidgen Kerstin Konrad Kerstin Konrad Veit Roessner Stephan Bender Stephan Bender The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG study Frontiers in Neuroscience Tourette syndrome inhibition TMS EEG N100 MEP |
| title | The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG study |
| title_full | The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG study |
| title_fullStr | The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG study |
| title_short | The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – a TMS/EEG study |
| title_sort | external evocation and movement related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with tourette syndrome a tms eeg study |
| topic | Tourette syndrome inhibition TMS EEG N100 MEP |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1209801/full |
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