Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in China
Cyprinus carpio (Carp) is a fish of great economic importance in China. However, its population has declined considerably due to the construction of barrages. Thus, fishways need to be constructed at barrages to protect fish resources. It is essential for the fishway design to study the swimming per...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023042214 |
| _version_ | 1797809098833526784 |
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| author | Juntao Li Haixiao Liu Zhong Xiao Xian Wei Zhe Liu Zhipeng Zhang |
| author_facet | Juntao Li Haixiao Liu Zhong Xiao Xian Wei Zhe Liu Zhipeng Zhang |
| author_sort | Juntao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyprinus carpio (Carp) is a fish of great economic importance in China. However, its population has declined considerably due to the construction of barrages. Thus, fishways need to be constructed at barrages to protect fish resources. It is essential for the fishway design to study the swimming performance of carp. By applying incremental flow velocities in a glass open-type flume, three indicators of swimming performance of the carp in China with the body length (BL) of 13–21 cm, including the induced flow velocity (IFV), the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and the burst swimming speed (Uburst), are systematically assessed. The correlation between the swimming performance and the BL is also analyzed. The results indicate that the IFV of the carp is 15.56 ± 1.79 cm/s, which is not significantly influenced by the BL. The value of Ucrit varies from 60 to 82 cm/s and gradually increases with the increasing value of BL. The relative critical swimming speed (U'crit) is 4.23 ± 0.28 BL/s and gradually decreases with the increasing value of BL. The value of Uburst ranges from 77.2 to 105.1 cm/s, which is linearly positively correlated to BL. The relative burst swimming speed (U'burst) is 5.42 ± 0.39 BL/s. The value of Uburst is approximately 1.28 times of that of Ucrit for the carps with the same BL. These findings are meaningful to the further study of ecological behavior and to the fishway design and optimization of carps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:47:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9122955321a147dd80ebaed6c327afa7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:47:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-9122955321a147dd80ebaed6c327afa72023-06-08T04:19:40ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-06-0196e17014Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in ChinaJuntao Li0Haixiao Liu1Zhong Xiao2Xian Wei3Zhe Liu4Zhipeng Zhang5State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering of Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Foreign Cooperation Projects Department of PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering of Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456, ChinaTianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering of Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456, ChinaCyprinus carpio (Carp) is a fish of great economic importance in China. However, its population has declined considerably due to the construction of barrages. Thus, fishways need to be constructed at barrages to protect fish resources. It is essential for the fishway design to study the swimming performance of carp. By applying incremental flow velocities in a glass open-type flume, three indicators of swimming performance of the carp in China with the body length (BL) of 13–21 cm, including the induced flow velocity (IFV), the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and the burst swimming speed (Uburst), are systematically assessed. The correlation between the swimming performance and the BL is also analyzed. The results indicate that the IFV of the carp is 15.56 ± 1.79 cm/s, which is not significantly influenced by the BL. The value of Ucrit varies from 60 to 82 cm/s and gradually increases with the increasing value of BL. The relative critical swimming speed (U'crit) is 4.23 ± 0.28 BL/s and gradually decreases with the increasing value of BL. The value of Uburst ranges from 77.2 to 105.1 cm/s, which is linearly positively correlated to BL. The relative burst swimming speed (U'burst) is 5.42 ± 0.39 BL/s. The value of Uburst is approximately 1.28 times of that of Ucrit for the carps with the same BL. These findings are meaningful to the further study of ecological behavior and to the fishway design and optimization of carps.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023042214CarpSwimming performanceInduced flow velocityCritical swimming speedBurst swimming speedBody length |
| spellingShingle | Juntao Li Haixiao Liu Zhong Xiao Xian Wei Zhe Liu Zhipeng Zhang Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in China Heliyon Carp Swimming performance Induced flow velocity Critical swimming speed Burst swimming speed Body length |
| title | Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in China |
| title_full | Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in China |
| title_fullStr | Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in China |
| title_short | Swimming performance of Cyprinus carpio (Carp) in China |
| title_sort | swimming performance of cyprinus carpio carp in china |
| topic | Carp Swimming performance Induced flow velocity Critical swimming speed Burst swimming speed Body length |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023042214 |
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