Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance
Multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) extra-intestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC) represents one of the most frequent causes of human nosocomial and community-acquired infections, whose eradication is of major concern for clinicians. ExPECs may inhabit indefinitely as comme...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/328 |
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| author | Catia Longhi Linda Maurizi Antonietta Lucia Conte Massimiliano Marazzato Antonella Comanducci Mauro Nicoletti Carlo Zagaglia |
| author_facet | Catia Longhi Linda Maurizi Antonietta Lucia Conte Massimiliano Marazzato Antonella Comanducci Mauro Nicoletti Carlo Zagaglia |
| author_sort | Catia Longhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) extra-intestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC) represents one of the most frequent causes of human nosocomial and community-acquired infections, whose eradication is of major concern for clinicians. ExPECs may inhabit indefinitely as commensal the gut of humans and other animals; from the intestine, they may move to colonize other tissues, where they are responsible for a number of diseases, including recurrent and uncomplicated UTIs, sepsis and neonatal meningitis. In the pre-antibiotic era, heavy metals were largely used as chemotherapeutics and/or as antimicrobials in human and animal healthcare. As with antibiotics, the global incidence of heavy metal tolerance in commensal, as well as in ExPEC, has increased following the ban in several countries of antibiotics as promoters of animal growth. Furthermore, it is believed that extensive bacterial exposure to heavy metals present in soil and water might have favored the increase in heavy-metal-tolerant microorganisms. The isolation of ExPEC strains with combined resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals has become quite common and, remarkably, it has been recently shown that heavy metal resistance genes may co-select antibiotic-resistance genes. Despite their clinical relevance, the mechanisms underlining the development and spread of heavy metal tolerance have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to present data regarding the development and spread of resistance to first-line antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, as well as tolerance to heavy metals in ExPEC strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:12:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9122b52dcde449da921f6eb88ea4f751 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:12:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9122b52dcde449da921f6eb88ea4f7512023-11-24T00:10:44ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-03-0111332810.3390/antibiotics11030328Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal ResistanceCatia Longhi0Linda Maurizi1Antonietta Lucia Conte2Massimiliano Marazzato3Antonella Comanducci4Mauro Nicoletti5Carlo Zagaglia6Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, ItalyMultiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) extra-intestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC) represents one of the most frequent causes of human nosocomial and community-acquired infections, whose eradication is of major concern for clinicians. ExPECs may inhabit indefinitely as commensal the gut of humans and other animals; from the intestine, they may move to colonize other tissues, where they are responsible for a number of diseases, including recurrent and uncomplicated UTIs, sepsis and neonatal meningitis. In the pre-antibiotic era, heavy metals were largely used as chemotherapeutics and/or as antimicrobials in human and animal healthcare. As with antibiotics, the global incidence of heavy metal tolerance in commensal, as well as in ExPEC, has increased following the ban in several countries of antibiotics as promoters of animal growth. Furthermore, it is believed that extensive bacterial exposure to heavy metals present in soil and water might have favored the increase in heavy-metal-tolerant microorganisms. The isolation of ExPEC strains with combined resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals has become quite common and, remarkably, it has been recently shown that heavy metal resistance genes may co-select antibiotic-resistance genes. Despite their clinical relevance, the mechanisms underlining the development and spread of heavy metal tolerance have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to present data regarding the development and spread of resistance to first-line antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, as well as tolerance to heavy metals in ExPEC strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/328antibiotic resistancemetal toleranceextraintestinal <i>Escherichia coli</i>co-selection |
| spellingShingle | Catia Longhi Linda Maurizi Antonietta Lucia Conte Massimiliano Marazzato Antonella Comanducci Mauro Nicoletti Carlo Zagaglia Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Antibiotics antibiotic resistance metal tolerance extraintestinal <i>Escherichia coli</i> co-selection |
| title | Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance |
| title_full | Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance |
| title_short | Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance |
| title_sort | extraintestinal pathogenic i escherichia coli i beta lactam antibiotic and heavy metal resistance |
| topic | antibiotic resistance metal tolerance extraintestinal <i>Escherichia coli</i> co-selection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/328 |
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