Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq
The northern and northeastern parts of Iraq are mountainous areas and rugged topography with different erosional and morphological forms; among them are the wine-glass (erosional cirques) forms. They are developed in different shapes, sizes, and depths. In the outlets of the wine-glass forms; usuall...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Koya University
2018-12-01
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| Series: | ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University |
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| Online Access: | http://aro.koyauniversity.org/article/view/415 |
| _version_ | 1797721997949534208 |
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| author | Varoujan K. Sissakian Arsalan A. Othman Ahmed T. Shihab |
| author_facet | Varoujan K. Sissakian Arsalan A. Othman Ahmed T. Shihab |
| author_sort | Varoujan K. Sissakian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The northern and northeastern parts of Iraq are mountainous areas and rugged topography with different erosional and morphological forms; among them are the wine-glass (erosional cirques) forms. They are developed in different shapes, sizes, and depths. In the outlets of the wine-glass forms; usually, alluvial fans are formed. The studied area is characterized by the presence of long and narrow anticlines with NW–SE trend that changes westward to E–W trend. The Cretaceous carbonate rocks form the main carapace of the majority of the mountains; however, locally Paleogene and/or Jurassic rocks form the carapace. In the core, rocks down to Devonian are exposed. In those anticlines where only Cretaceous rocks are exposed, no or very rarely wine-glass forms are developed. This is attributed to the Cretaceous carbonate rocks, which exist in huge thicknesses in many formations, with thickly bedded to massive nature and very hard erosion resisting rocks. Tens of the existing wineglass forms are studied to indicate the factors that control their development, which are the type of exposed rocks, their thicknesses, and hardness. To perform the aim of this study, different satellite imagery with different resolutions was used; besides using GIS technique and field check to improve the acquired date. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:41:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9124a1cbf0ef4268b3bf8e3feeb6e4e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-9355 2307-549X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:41:22Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Koya University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University |
| spelling | doaj.art-9124a1cbf0ef4268b3bf8e3feeb6e4e32023-09-02T13:14:02ZengKoya UniversityARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University2410-93552307-549X2018-12-0162394810.14500/aro.1041591Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, IraqVaroujan K. Sissakian0Arsalan A. Othman1Ahmed T. Shihab2Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Management, School of Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Kurdistan RegionIraq Geological Survey, Sulaymaniyah Office, Sulaymaniyah, IraqIraq Geological Survey P.O. Box 986, Baghdad, IraqThe northern and northeastern parts of Iraq are mountainous areas and rugged topography with different erosional and morphological forms; among them are the wine-glass (erosional cirques) forms. They are developed in different shapes, sizes, and depths. In the outlets of the wine-glass forms; usually, alluvial fans are formed. The studied area is characterized by the presence of long and narrow anticlines with NW–SE trend that changes westward to E–W trend. The Cretaceous carbonate rocks form the main carapace of the majority of the mountains; however, locally Paleogene and/or Jurassic rocks form the carapace. In the core, rocks down to Devonian are exposed. In those anticlines where only Cretaceous rocks are exposed, no or very rarely wine-glass forms are developed. This is attributed to the Cretaceous carbonate rocks, which exist in huge thicknesses in many formations, with thickly bedded to massive nature and very hard erosion resisting rocks. Tens of the existing wineglass forms are studied to indicate the factors that control their development, which are the type of exposed rocks, their thicknesses, and hardness. To perform the aim of this study, different satellite imagery with different resolutions was used; besides using GIS technique and field check to improve the acquired date.http://aro.koyauniversity.org/article/view/415wine-glass form, erosional-cirque, alluvial-fan, cretaceous rocks, kurdistan region |
| spellingShingle | Varoujan K. Sissakian Arsalan A. Othman Ahmed T. Shihab Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University wine-glass form, erosional-cirque, alluvial-fan, cretaceous rocks, kurdistan region |
| title | Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq |
| title_full | Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq |
| title_short | Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq |
| title_sort | factors controlling the development of wine glass forms in the mountains of the kurdistan region iraq |
| topic | wine-glass form, erosional-cirque, alluvial-fan, cretaceous rocks, kurdistan region |
| url | http://aro.koyauniversity.org/article/view/415 |
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