Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance
The recent discovery of Bogia Coconut Syndrome in Papua New Guinea is the first report of a lethal yellowing disease (LYD) in Oceania. Numerous outbreaks of LYDs of coconut have been recorded in the Caribbean and Africa since the late 19th century and have caused the death of millions of palms acros...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01521/full |
| _version_ | 1811226086188515328 |
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| author | Gurr M Geoff Gurr M Geoff Anne C Johnson Gavin J Ash Bree Wilson Mark Ero Carmel Pilotti Charles Dewhurst Minsheng You |
| author_facet | Gurr M Geoff Gurr M Geoff Anne C Johnson Gavin J Ash Bree Wilson Mark Ero Carmel Pilotti Charles Dewhurst Minsheng You |
| author_sort | Gurr M Geoff |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recent discovery of Bogia Coconut Syndrome in Papua New Guinea is the first report of a lethal yellowing disease (LYD) in Oceania. Numerous outbreaks of LYDs of coconut have been recorded in the Caribbean and Africa since the late 19th century and have caused the death of millions of palms across several continents during the 20th century. Despite the severity of economic losses, it was only in the 1970s that the causes of LYDs were identified as phytoplasmas, a group of insect-transmitted bacteria associated with diseases in many other economically important crop species. Since the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, knowledge of LYDs epidemiology, ecology and vectors has grown rapidly. There is no economically viable treatment for LYDs and vector-based management is hampered by the fact that vectors have been positively identified in very few cases despite many attempted transmission trials. Some varieties and hybrids of coconut palm are known to be less susceptible to LYD but none are completely resistant. Optimal and current management of LYD is through strict quarantine, prompt detection and destruction of symptomatic palms, and replanting with less susceptible varieties or crop species. Advances in technology such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection and tracking of phytoplasma DNA in plants and insects, remote sensing for identifying symptomatic palms, and the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based tools for gene editing and plant breeding are likely to allow rapid progress in taxonomy as well as understanding and managing LYD phytoplasma pathosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:18:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9129c29f30a0445da6b06185026db3cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:18:27Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9129c29f30a0445da6b06185026db3cd2022-12-22T03:38:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2016-10-01710.3389/fpls.2016.01521209877Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significanceGurr M Geoff0Gurr M Geoff1Anne C Johnson2Gavin J Ash3Bree Wilson4Mark Ero5Carmel Pilotti6Charles Dewhurst7Minsheng You8Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityCharles Sturt UniversityCharles Sturt UniversityUniversity of Southern QueenslandGraham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University,PNG Oil Palm Research AssociationPNG Oil Palm Research AssociationNew Meadow HouseFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityThe recent discovery of Bogia Coconut Syndrome in Papua New Guinea is the first report of a lethal yellowing disease (LYD) in Oceania. Numerous outbreaks of LYDs of coconut have been recorded in the Caribbean and Africa since the late 19th century and have caused the death of millions of palms across several continents during the 20th century. Despite the severity of economic losses, it was only in the 1970s that the causes of LYDs were identified as phytoplasmas, a group of insect-transmitted bacteria associated with diseases in many other economically important crop species. Since the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, knowledge of LYDs epidemiology, ecology and vectors has grown rapidly. There is no economically viable treatment for LYDs and vector-based management is hampered by the fact that vectors have been positively identified in very few cases despite many attempted transmission trials. Some varieties and hybrids of coconut palm are known to be less susceptible to LYD but none are completely resistant. Optimal and current management of LYD is through strict quarantine, prompt detection and destruction of symptomatic palms, and replanting with less susceptible varieties or crop species. Advances in technology such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection and tracking of phytoplasma DNA in plants and insects, remote sensing for identifying symptomatic palms, and the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based tools for gene editing and plant breeding are likely to allow rapid progress in taxonomy as well as understanding and managing LYD phytoplasma pathosystems.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01521/fullPhytoplasmaPlant PathologyQuarantineLAMPCRISPRhost plant resistance |
| spellingShingle | Gurr M Geoff Gurr M Geoff Anne C Johnson Gavin J Ash Bree Wilson Mark Ero Carmel Pilotti Charles Dewhurst Minsheng You Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance Frontiers in Plant Science Phytoplasma Plant Pathology Quarantine LAMP CRISPR host plant resistance |
| title | Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance |
| title_full | Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance |
| title_fullStr | Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance |
| title_short | Coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance |
| title_sort | coconut lethal yellowing diseases a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance |
| topic | Phytoplasma Plant Pathology Quarantine LAMP CRISPR host plant resistance |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01521/full |
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