Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency
Maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency has been greatly improved in recent years. Antioxidants, such as, cysteine, can significantly improve maize transformation frequency through improving the Agrobacterium infection efficiency. However, the mechanism underlying the transformation i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01778/full |
| _version_ | 1811226086391939072 |
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| author | Yan Liu Yan Liu Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Junjie Fu Guoying Wang Jianhua Wang Yunjun Liu |
| author_facet | Yan Liu Yan Liu Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Junjie Fu Guoying Wang Jianhua Wang Yunjun Liu |
| author_sort | Yan Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency has been greatly improved in recent years. Antioxidants, such as, cysteine, can significantly improve maize transformation frequency through improving the Agrobacterium infection efficiency. However, the mechanism underlying the transformation improvement after cysteine exposure has not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that the addition of cysteine to the co-cultivation medium significantly increased the Agrobacterium infection efficiency of hybrid HiII and inbred line Z31 maize embryos. Reactive oxygen species contents were higher in embryos treated with cysteine than that without cysteine. We further investigated the mechanism behind cysteine-related infection efficiency increase using transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the cysteine treatment up-regulated 939 genes and down-regulated 549 genes in both Z31 and HiII. Additionally, more differentially expressed genes were found in HiII embryos than those in Z31 embryos, suggesting that HiII was more sensitive to the cysteine treatment than Z31. GO analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in the oxidation reduction process. The up-regulation of these genes could help maize embryos to cope with the oxidative stress stimulated by Agrobacterium infection. The down-regulated genes were mainly involved in the cell wall and membrane metabolism, such as, aquaporin and expansin genes. Decreased expression of these cell wall integrity genes could loosen the cell wall, thereby improving the entry of Agrobacterium into plant cells. This study offers insight into the role of cysteine in improving Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize immature embryos. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:18:27Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:18:27Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9135ec4ed1be49ea82f25762281102f72022-12-22T03:38:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2017-10-01810.3389/fpls.2017.01778281288Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection EfficiencyYan Liu0Yan Liu1Zhiqiang Zhang2Zhiqiang Zhang3Junjie Fu4Guoying Wang5Jianhua Wang6Yunjun Liu7College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaMaize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency has been greatly improved in recent years. Antioxidants, such as, cysteine, can significantly improve maize transformation frequency through improving the Agrobacterium infection efficiency. However, the mechanism underlying the transformation improvement after cysteine exposure has not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that the addition of cysteine to the co-cultivation medium significantly increased the Agrobacterium infection efficiency of hybrid HiII and inbred line Z31 maize embryos. Reactive oxygen species contents were higher in embryos treated with cysteine than that without cysteine. We further investigated the mechanism behind cysteine-related infection efficiency increase using transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the cysteine treatment up-regulated 939 genes and down-regulated 549 genes in both Z31 and HiII. Additionally, more differentially expressed genes were found in HiII embryos than those in Z31 embryos, suggesting that HiII was more sensitive to the cysteine treatment than Z31. GO analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in the oxidation reduction process. The up-regulation of these genes could help maize embryos to cope with the oxidative stress stimulated by Agrobacterium infection. The down-regulated genes were mainly involved in the cell wall and membrane metabolism, such as, aquaporin and expansin genes. Decreased expression of these cell wall integrity genes could loosen the cell wall, thereby improving the entry of Agrobacterium into plant cells. This study offers insight into the role of cysteine in improving Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize immature embryos.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01778/fullAgrobacteriuminfection efficiencycysteinemaize embryotranscriptome |
| spellingShingle | Yan Liu Yan Liu Zhiqiang Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Junjie Fu Guoying Wang Jianhua Wang Yunjun Liu Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency Frontiers in Plant Science Agrobacterium infection efficiency cysteine maize embryo transcriptome |
| title | Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency |
| title_full | Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency |
| title_short | Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency |
| title_sort | transcriptome analysis of maize immature embryos reveals the roles of cysteine in improving agrobacterium infection efficiency |
| topic | Agrobacterium infection efficiency cysteine maize embryo transcriptome |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01778/full |
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