Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of Unconsciousness
We traced the changes in GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons of the hippocampus and reticulo-thalamic nucleus (RT) as possible underlying mechanisms of the different local cortical and hippocampal electroencephalographic (EEG) microstructures during the non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) s...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6769 |
| _version_ | 1797607747464724480 |
|---|---|
| author | Ljiljana Radovanovic Andrea Novakovic Jelena Petrovic Jasna Saponjic |
| author_facet | Ljiljana Radovanovic Andrea Novakovic Jelena Petrovic Jasna Saponjic |
| author_sort | Ljiljana Radovanovic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We traced the changes in GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons of the hippocampus and reticulo-thalamic nucleus (RT) as possible underlying mechanisms of the different local cortical and hippocampal electroencephalographic (EEG) microstructures during the non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep compared with anesthesia-induced unconsciousness by two anesthetics with different main mechanisms of action (ketamine/diazepam versus propofol). After 3 h of recording their sleep, the rats were divided into two experimental groups: one half received ketamine/diazepam anesthesia and the other half received propofol anesthesia. We simultaneously recorded the EEG of the motor cortex and hippocampus during sleep and during 1 h of surgical anesthesia. We performed immunohistochemistry and analyzed the PV and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) expression. PV suppression in the hippocampus and at RT underlies the global theta amplitude attenuation and hippocampal gamma augmentation that is a unique feature of ketamine-induced versus propofol-induced unconsciousness and NREM sleep. While PV suppression resulted in an increase in hippocampal PSD-95 expression, there was no imbalance between inhibition and excitation during ketamine/diazepam anesthesia compared with propofol anesthesia in RT. This increased excitation could be a consequence of a lower GABA interneuronal activity and an additional mechanism underlying the unique local EEG microstructure in the hippocampus during ketamine/diazepam anesthesia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:33:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91545288121c4e9ba14b0eafbd1019e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:33:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-91545288121c4e9ba14b0eafbd1019e52023-11-17T16:55:47ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01247676910.3390/ijms24076769Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of UnconsciousnessLjiljana Radovanovic0Andrea Novakovic1Jelena Petrovic2Jasna Saponjic3Institute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaWe traced the changes in GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons of the hippocampus and reticulo-thalamic nucleus (RT) as possible underlying mechanisms of the different local cortical and hippocampal electroencephalographic (EEG) microstructures during the non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep compared with anesthesia-induced unconsciousness by two anesthetics with different main mechanisms of action (ketamine/diazepam versus propofol). After 3 h of recording their sleep, the rats were divided into two experimental groups: one half received ketamine/diazepam anesthesia and the other half received propofol anesthesia. We simultaneously recorded the EEG of the motor cortex and hippocampus during sleep and during 1 h of surgical anesthesia. We performed immunohistochemistry and analyzed the PV and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) expression. PV suppression in the hippocampus and at RT underlies the global theta amplitude attenuation and hippocampal gamma augmentation that is a unique feature of ketamine-induced versus propofol-induced unconsciousness and NREM sleep. While PV suppression resulted in an increase in hippocampal PSD-95 expression, there was no imbalance between inhibition and excitation during ketamine/diazepam anesthesia compared with propofol anesthesia in RT. This increased excitation could be a consequence of a lower GABA interneuronal activity and an additional mechanism underlying the unique local EEG microstructure in the hippocampus during ketamine/diazepam anesthesia.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6769GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneuronsunconsciousnesssleepanesthesiahippocampusreticulo-thalamic nucleus |
| spellingShingle | Ljiljana Radovanovic Andrea Novakovic Jelena Petrovic Jasna Saponjic Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of Unconsciousness International Journal of Molecular Sciences GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons unconsciousness sleep anesthesia hippocampus reticulo-thalamic nucleus |
| title | Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of Unconsciousness |
| title_full | Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of Unconsciousness |
| title_fullStr | Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of Unconsciousness |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of Unconsciousness |
| title_short | Different Alterations of Hippocampal and Reticulo-Thalamic GABAergic Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Underlie Different States of Unconsciousness |
| title_sort | different alterations of hippocampal and reticulo thalamic gabaergic parvalbumin expressing interneurons underlie different states of unconsciousness |
| topic | GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons unconsciousness sleep anesthesia hippocampus reticulo-thalamic nucleus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6769 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ljiljanaradovanovic differentalterationsofhippocampalandreticulothalamicgabaergicparvalbuminexpressinginterneuronsunderliedifferentstatesofunconsciousness AT andreanovakovic differentalterationsofhippocampalandreticulothalamicgabaergicparvalbuminexpressinginterneuronsunderliedifferentstatesofunconsciousness AT jelenapetrovic differentalterationsofhippocampalandreticulothalamicgabaergicparvalbuminexpressinginterneuronsunderliedifferentstatesofunconsciousness AT jasnasaponjic differentalterationsofhippocampalandreticulothalamicgabaergicparvalbuminexpressinginterneuronsunderliedifferentstatesofunconsciousness |