| Summary: | Botulinum toxin type A is approved for the focal treatment of spasticity; however, the effectiveness of abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) in patients with shoulder pain who have set reduced pain as a treatment goal is understudied. In addition, some patients encounter delays in accessing treatment programs; therefore, the suitability of aboBoNT-A for pain reduction in this population requires investigation. These factors were assessed in aboBoNT-A-naive Brazilian patients in a post hoc analysis of data from BCause, an observational, multicenter, prospective study (NCT02390206). Patients (N = 49, <i>n</i> = 25 female; mean (standard deviation) age of 60.3 (9.1) years; median (range) time since onset of spasticity of 16.1 (0–193) months) received aboBoNT-A injections to shoulder muscles in one or two treatment cycles (<i>n</i> = 47). Using goal attainment scaling (GAS), most patients achieved their goal of shoulder pain reduction after one treatment cycle (72.1%; 95% confidence interval: 57.2–83.4%). Improvements in GAS T-score from baseline, clinically meaningful reductions in pain score at movement, and clinically meaningful increases in passive shoulder abduction angle further improved with repeated treatment more than 4 months later, despite treatment starting at a median of 16.1 months after the onset of spasticity. These findings support the further investigation of aboBoNT-A injections in chronic post-stroke shoulder pain.
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