Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution
Mycotoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by groups of filamentous fungi that colonize food crops. Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> (FB<sub>1</sub>) are among the most relevant a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/183 |
| _version_ | 1797608777967468544 |
|---|---|
| author | Artur Alves Rodrigues da Silva Janilson José da Silva Júnior Maria Isabel dos Santos Cavalcanti Dijanah Cota Machado Paloma Lys Medeiros Claudio Gabriel Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Artur Alves Rodrigues da Silva Janilson José da Silva Júnior Maria Isabel dos Santos Cavalcanti Dijanah Cota Machado Paloma Lys Medeiros Claudio Gabriel Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Artur Alves Rodrigues da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by groups of filamentous fungi that colonize food crops. Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> (FB<sub>1</sub>) are among the most relevant agricultural mycotoxins, as they can induce various toxic processes in humans and animals. To detect AFB<sub>1</sub>, OTA and FB<sub>1</sub> in the most varied matrices, chromatographic and immunological methods are primarily used; however, these techniques are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we demonstrate that unitary alphatoxin nanopore can be used to detect and differentiate these mycotoxins in aqueous solution. The presence of AFB<sub>1</sub>, OTA or FB<sub>1</sub> inside the nanopore induces reversible blockage of the ionic current flowing through the nanopore, with distinct characteristics of blockage that are unique to each of the three toxins. The process of discrimination is based on the residual current ratio calculation and analysis of the residence time of each mycotoxin inside the unitary nanopore. Using a single alphatoxin nanopore, the mycotoxins could be detected at the nanomolar level, indicating that alphatoxin nanopore is a promising molecular tool for discriminatory analysis of mycotoxins in aqueous solution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9155f98122574486b55778b5b0b76d00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-9155f98122574486b55778b5b0b76d002023-11-17T14:14:01ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-02-0115318310.3390/toxins15030183Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous SolutionArtur Alves Rodrigues da Silva0Janilson José da Silva Júnior1Maria Isabel dos Santos Cavalcanti2Dijanah Cota Machado3Paloma Lys Medeiros4Claudio Gabriel Rodrigues5Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Universitário, Campina Grande 58429-900, BrazilDepartment of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, BrazilDepartment of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, BrazilDepartment of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, BrazilDepartment of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, BrazilMycotoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by groups of filamentous fungi that colonize food crops. Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> (FB<sub>1</sub>) are among the most relevant agricultural mycotoxins, as they can induce various toxic processes in humans and animals. To detect AFB<sub>1</sub>, OTA and FB<sub>1</sub> in the most varied matrices, chromatographic and immunological methods are primarily used; however, these techniques are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we demonstrate that unitary alphatoxin nanopore can be used to detect and differentiate these mycotoxins in aqueous solution. The presence of AFB<sub>1</sub>, OTA or FB<sub>1</sub> inside the nanopore induces reversible blockage of the ionic current flowing through the nanopore, with distinct characteristics of blockage that are unique to each of the three toxins. The process of discrimination is based on the residual current ratio calculation and analysis of the residence time of each mycotoxin inside the unitary nanopore. Using a single alphatoxin nanopore, the mycotoxins could be detected at the nanomolar level, indicating that alphatoxin nanopore is a promising molecular tool for discriminatory analysis of mycotoxins in aqueous solution.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/183alphatoxinaflatoxinstochastic sensingochratoxinfumonisinbiosensor |
| spellingShingle | Artur Alves Rodrigues da Silva Janilson José da Silva Júnior Maria Isabel dos Santos Cavalcanti Dijanah Cota Machado Paloma Lys Medeiros Claudio Gabriel Rodrigues Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution Toxins alphatoxin aflatoxin stochastic sensing ochratoxin fumonisin biosensor |
| title | Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution |
| title_full | Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution |
| title_fullStr | Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution |
| title_short | Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution |
| title_sort | alphatoxin nanopore detection of aflatoxin ochratoxin and fumonisin in aqueous solution |
| topic | alphatoxin aflatoxin stochastic sensing ochratoxin fumonisin biosensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/183 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arturalvesrodriguesdasilva alphatoxinnanoporedetectionofaflatoxinochratoxinandfumonisininaqueoussolution AT janilsonjosedasilvajunior alphatoxinnanoporedetectionofaflatoxinochratoxinandfumonisininaqueoussolution AT mariaisabeldossantoscavalcanti alphatoxinnanoporedetectionofaflatoxinochratoxinandfumonisininaqueoussolution AT dijanahcotamachado alphatoxinnanoporedetectionofaflatoxinochratoxinandfumonisininaqueoussolution AT palomalysmedeiros alphatoxinnanoporedetectionofaflatoxinochratoxinandfumonisininaqueoussolution AT claudiogabrielrodrigues alphatoxinnanoporedetectionofaflatoxinochratoxinandfumonisininaqueoussolution |