Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary Study
Olfactory dysfunction is associated with conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, autoimmune diseases, mental illnesses, and upper-airway-related diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the development of an examiner-independent olfactory function test. We recently deve...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/1/75 |
| _version_ | 1797343212420988928 |
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| author | Hae Ryong Lee Kyung Soo Kim Hyun Jin Min |
| author_facet | Hae Ryong Lee Kyung Soo Kim Hyun Jin Min |
| author_sort | Hae Ryong Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Olfactory dysfunction is associated with conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, autoimmune diseases, mental illnesses, and upper-airway-related diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the development of an examiner-independent olfactory function test. We recently developed a digital olfactory function test called Digitalscent (DIGITAL SCENT), which is a kiosk-type device with an integrated hardware system. The protocol follows conventional psychophysical olfactory function protocols, including threshold, discrimination, and identification test subsets. Eight healthy participants without olfactory dysfunction volunteered for the suitability test and completed both the YSK olfactory function and Digitalscent tests. Pearson correlations were determined between the YSK olfactory function and Digitalscent tests. Digitalscent could be implemented as a conventional olfactory function test, and all participants followed the Digitalscent test protocols. Limitations in the threshold and identification test subsets included unfamiliarity of the patients to the digital test and incompleteness in the sophisticated release of odorants. A strength of the identification test subset was the dual sensory stimulation of vision and olfaction. Digitalscent could—without facilitating viral transmission—enable early diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction during respiratory viral pandemics. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to facilitate wider use of this digital olfactory function test. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:44:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-915b0269c118432897970a7046ed4817 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:44:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-915b0269c118432897970a7046ed48172024-01-26T17:20:43ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-01-011417510.3390/life14010075Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary StudyHae Ryong Lee0Kyung Soo Kim1Hyun Jin Min2Research and Development Center, Digital Scent Co., Ltd., Daejeon 305-700, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of KoreaOlfactory dysfunction is associated with conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, autoimmune diseases, mental illnesses, and upper-airway-related diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the development of an examiner-independent olfactory function test. We recently developed a digital olfactory function test called Digitalscent (DIGITAL SCENT), which is a kiosk-type device with an integrated hardware system. The protocol follows conventional psychophysical olfactory function protocols, including threshold, discrimination, and identification test subsets. Eight healthy participants without olfactory dysfunction volunteered for the suitability test and completed both the YSK olfactory function and Digitalscent tests. Pearson correlations were determined between the YSK olfactory function and Digitalscent tests. Digitalscent could be implemented as a conventional olfactory function test, and all participants followed the Digitalscent test protocols. Limitations in the threshold and identification test subsets included unfamiliarity of the patients to the digital test and incompleteness in the sophisticated release of odorants. A strength of the identification test subset was the dual sensory stimulation of vision and olfaction. Digitalscent could—without facilitating viral transmission—enable early diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction during respiratory viral pandemics. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to facilitate wider use of this digital olfactory function test.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/1/75digital olfactory testolfactionpsychophysical testingthreshold–discrimination–identification (TDI) |
| spellingShingle | Hae Ryong Lee Kyung Soo Kim Hyun Jin Min Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary Study Life digital olfactory test olfaction psychophysical testing threshold–discrimination–identification (TDI) |
| title | Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary Study |
| title_full | Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary Study |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary Study |
| title_short | Development of a Digital Olfactory Function Test: A Preliminary Study |
| title_sort | development of a digital olfactory function test a preliminary study |
| topic | digital olfactory test olfaction psychophysical testing threshold–discrimination–identification (TDI) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/1/75 |
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