| Summary: | Ferroferric oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) is regarded to be a promising high-capacity anode material for LIBs. However, the capacity attenuates fast and the rate performance is poor due to the dramatic pulverization and sluggish charge transfer properties. To solve these problems, a simple in situ encapsulation and composite method was successfully developed to construct carbon nanotube/nanorod/nanosheet-supported Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. Owing to the hierarchical architecture design, the novel structure Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C nanocomposites effectively enhance the charge transfer, alleviate pulverization, avoid the agglomeration of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, and also provide superior kinetics toward lithium storage, thereby showing significantly improved reversibility and rate performance. The carbon nanotube/nanorod supported core-shell structure Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C nanocomposite displays outstanding high rate capability and stable cycling performance (reversible capability of 1006, 552 and 423 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2, 0.5 and 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> after running 100, 300 and 500 cycles, respectively).
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