Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis
Glycolysis, a simple pathway of glucose metabolism, critically regulates insulin secretion and metabolic functions of various cells. Depending on cell types, rates of glycolysis are determined at various steps of glycolysis that are subjected to the control of key metabolic and regulatory enzyme(s),...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2012-08-01
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| Series: | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221138351200086X |
| _version_ | 1828864935262683136 |
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| author | Xin Guo Honggui Li Hang Xu Shihlung Woo Hui Dong Fuer Lu Alex J. Lange Chaodong Wu |
| author_facet | Xin Guo Honggui Li Hang Xu Shihlung Woo Hui Dong Fuer Lu Alex J. Lange Chaodong Wu |
| author_sort | Xin Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glycolysis, a simple pathway of glucose metabolism, critically regulates insulin secretion and metabolic functions of various cells. Depending on cell types, rates of glycolysis are determined at various steps of glycolysis that are subjected to the control of key metabolic and regulatory enzyme(s), which include glucokinase, 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. These enzymes are regulated by both nutritional and hormonal signals at the levels of transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. In hepatocytes, glycolysis is involved in the control of hepatic glucose production. The latter, when excessive, contributes to hyperglycemia in diabetes. In pancreatic β cells, glycolysis couples glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Absolute or relatively low levels of circulating insulin causes hyperglycemia. In adipocytes, glycolysis generates metabolites for lipogenesis and channels fatty acids from excessive oxidation to triglyceride synthesis, thereby reducing oxidative stress. With increased proinflammatory status, adipocytes produce pro-hyperglycemic factors and bring about hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In hypothalamic neurons, glycolysis conveys nutrient sensing that is related to feeding control. Dysregulation of glycolysis occurs in conditions of insulin deficiency or resistance, and is attributable to inappropriate amount and/or activities of metabolic and regulatory enzymes of glycolysis. Targeting key metabolic and regulatory enzymes to enhance glycolysis may offer viable approaches for treatment of diabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T04:17:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91681ffdc0ba44328ec090a8ed1bc990 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-3835 2211-3843 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T04:17:57Z |
| publishDate | 2012-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B |
| spelling | doaj.art-91681ffdc0ba44328ec090a8ed1bc9902022-12-21T23:59:50ZengElsevierActa Pharmaceutica Sinica B2211-38352211-38432012-08-012435836710.1016/j.apsb.2012.06.002Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasisXin Guo0Honggui Li1Hang Xu2Shihlung Woo3Hui Dong4Fuer Lu5Alex J. Lange6Chaodong Wu7Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAIntercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAIntercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAIntercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAInstitute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaInstitute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55405, USAIntercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAGlycolysis, a simple pathway of glucose metabolism, critically regulates insulin secretion and metabolic functions of various cells. Depending on cell types, rates of glycolysis are determined at various steps of glycolysis that are subjected to the control of key metabolic and regulatory enzyme(s), which include glucokinase, 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. These enzymes are regulated by both nutritional and hormonal signals at the levels of transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. In hepatocytes, glycolysis is involved in the control of hepatic glucose production. The latter, when excessive, contributes to hyperglycemia in diabetes. In pancreatic β cells, glycolysis couples glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Absolute or relatively low levels of circulating insulin causes hyperglycemia. In adipocytes, glycolysis generates metabolites for lipogenesis and channels fatty acids from excessive oxidation to triglyceride synthesis, thereby reducing oxidative stress. With increased proinflammatory status, adipocytes produce pro-hyperglycemic factors and bring about hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In hypothalamic neurons, glycolysis conveys nutrient sensing that is related to feeding control. Dysregulation of glycolysis occurs in conditions of insulin deficiency or resistance, and is attributable to inappropriate amount and/or activities of metabolic and regulatory enzymes of glycolysis. Targeting key metabolic and regulatory enzymes to enhance glycolysis may offer viable approaches for treatment of diabetes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221138351200086XGlycolysisDiabetesInsulin resistanceLiverPancreatic beta cellsAdipose tissueHypothalamusInflammatory response |
| spellingShingle | Xin Guo Honggui Li Hang Xu Shihlung Woo Hui Dong Fuer Lu Alex J. Lange Chaodong Wu Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Glycolysis Diabetes Insulin resistance Liver Pancreatic beta cells Adipose tissue Hypothalamus Inflammatory response |
| title | Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis |
| title_full | Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis |
| title_fullStr | Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis |
| title_short | Glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis |
| title_sort | glycolysis in the control of blood glucose homeostasis |
| topic | Glycolysis Diabetes Insulin resistance Liver Pancreatic beta cells Adipose tissue Hypothalamus Inflammatory response |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221138351200086X |
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