Glycerol-Based Retrievable Heterogeneous Catalysts for Single-Pot Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate to Biodiesel

Glycerol-Based Retrievable Heterogeneous Catalysts for Single-Pot Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate to Biodiesel

The by-product of the previous transesterification, glycerol was utilised as an acid catalyst precursor for biodiesel production. The crude glycerol was treated through the sulfonation method with sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid in a reflux batch reactor giving solid glycerol-SO<sub>3<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Balkis Hazmi, Mahnoush Beygisangchin, Umer Rashid, Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar, Toshiki Tsubota, Ali Alsalme, Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-10-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
biodiesel
sulfonated
glycerol
by-product
PFAD
heterogenous catalyst
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/7142

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