Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational study
Abstract Background Severe infant eczema on the face should be treated early because it may lead to allergic diseases in the future. However, caregivers find it difficult to assess. A visual tool for caregivers is needed to easily determine infants’ facial skin condition severity based on the tool’s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03691-7 |
| _version_ | 1811257206980476928 |
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| author | Manami Matsubara Megumi Haruna Kaori Yonezawa Moeri Yokoyama Emi Tahara-Sasagawa Naoko Hikita Yoshie Nakamura Yoko Mizuno Hiromi Sanada Nao Tamai Masatoshi Abe Kosuke Kashiwabara |
| author_facet | Manami Matsubara Megumi Haruna Kaori Yonezawa Moeri Yokoyama Emi Tahara-Sasagawa Naoko Hikita Yoshie Nakamura Yoko Mizuno Hiromi Sanada Nao Tamai Masatoshi Abe Kosuke Kashiwabara |
| author_sort | Manami Matsubara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Severe infant eczema on the face should be treated early because it may lead to allergic diseases in the future. However, caregivers find it difficult to assess. A visual tool for caregivers is needed to easily determine infants’ facial skin condition severity based on the tool’s scores. We developed an infant facial skin assessment tool (IFSAT) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Methods The IFSAT draft was developed based on results of a previous literature review and qualitative sketch. Panels including medical professionals and a caregiver checked the draft’s content and face validity, and the IFSAT was finalized. To test the IFSAT’s reliability and validity, caregivers and one-month-old infants were recruited. Two scoring methods were additionally created based on the relation between the items and cure period. The relationships between scores and cure period, and the ability to predict whether the infant needed medical treatment were examined by each scoring method. For the predictive validity, scores for infants requiring medical treatment and those for infants who did not were also compared. For the intra-examiner reliability analysis, two pediatricians rated the scores separately twice using photographs. Inter-rater reliabilities were analyzed among pediatricians, nurses, and caregivers. Results Altogether, 113 infant-caregiver pairs participated in the testing phase. Of the two scoring methods created (versions 1 and 2), pediatricians’ and caregivers’ scores using versions 1 and 2 were related to the cure period. These scores predict whether the infant needed medical treatment. We then selected version 2 based on the medical professionals’ opinions. The scores of caregivers of infants requiring medical treatment were higher than those of caregivers of infants not requiring treatment (p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of intra-examiner reliability was 0.87. The ICC of inter-rater reliabilities between pediatricians’ and caregivers’ scores and between nurses’ and caregivers’ scores were 0.66, and 0.66, respectively. Conclusions The proposed IFSAT may be used to assess whether infants need medical treatment and whether to extend the cure period. The tool’s reliability and validity were confirmed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:52:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9169d35de86a487b888fd642d8367cbe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:52:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9169d35de86a487b888fd642d8367cbe2022-12-22T03:22:26ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312022-10-012211910.1186/s12887-022-03691-7Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational studyManami Matsubara0Megumi Haruna1Kaori Yonezawa2Moeri Yokoyama3Emi Tahara-Sasagawa4Naoko Hikita5Yoshie Nakamura6Yoko Mizuno7Hiromi Sanada8Nao Tamai9Masatoshi Abe10Kosuke Kashiwabara11Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoDepartment of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoDepartment of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoDepartment of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoDepartment of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoDepartment of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTohto Bunkyo Hospital PediatricsTohto Bunkyo Hospital PediatricsThe Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoThe Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoSapporo Skin ClinicThe University of Tokyo HospitalAbstract Background Severe infant eczema on the face should be treated early because it may lead to allergic diseases in the future. However, caregivers find it difficult to assess. A visual tool for caregivers is needed to easily determine infants’ facial skin condition severity based on the tool’s scores. We developed an infant facial skin assessment tool (IFSAT) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Methods The IFSAT draft was developed based on results of a previous literature review and qualitative sketch. Panels including medical professionals and a caregiver checked the draft’s content and face validity, and the IFSAT was finalized. To test the IFSAT’s reliability and validity, caregivers and one-month-old infants were recruited. Two scoring methods were additionally created based on the relation between the items and cure period. The relationships between scores and cure period, and the ability to predict whether the infant needed medical treatment were examined by each scoring method. For the predictive validity, scores for infants requiring medical treatment and those for infants who did not were also compared. For the intra-examiner reliability analysis, two pediatricians rated the scores separately twice using photographs. Inter-rater reliabilities were analyzed among pediatricians, nurses, and caregivers. Results Altogether, 113 infant-caregiver pairs participated in the testing phase. Of the two scoring methods created (versions 1 and 2), pediatricians’ and caregivers’ scores using versions 1 and 2 were related to the cure period. These scores predict whether the infant needed medical treatment. We then selected version 2 based on the medical professionals’ opinions. The scores of caregivers of infants requiring medical treatment were higher than those of caregivers of infants not requiring treatment (p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of intra-examiner reliability was 0.87. The ICC of inter-rater reliabilities between pediatricians’ and caregivers’ scores and between nurses’ and caregivers’ scores were 0.66, and 0.66, respectively. Conclusions The proposed IFSAT may be used to assess whether infants need medical treatment and whether to extend the cure period. The tool’s reliability and validity were confirmed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03691-7SkinAssessmentToolCaregiverInfants |
| spellingShingle | Manami Matsubara Megumi Haruna Kaori Yonezawa Moeri Yokoyama Emi Tahara-Sasagawa Naoko Hikita Yoshie Nakamura Yoko Mizuno Hiromi Sanada Nao Tamai Masatoshi Abe Kosuke Kashiwabara Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational study BMC Pediatrics Skin Assessment Tool Caregiver Infants |
| title | Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational study |
| title_full | Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational study |
| title_fullStr | Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational study |
| title_short | Development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool: a prospective observational study |
| title_sort | development and validation of an infant facial skin assessment tool a prospective observational study |
| topic | Skin Assessment Tool Caregiver Infants |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03691-7 |
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