Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21
Crescent-like asymmetric dust structures discovered in protoplanetary disks indicate dust aggregations. Thus, researching these structures helps us understand the planet formation process. Here we analyze ALMA data of the protoplanetary disk around the T-Tauri star SR 21, which has asymmetric struct...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc325 |
| _version_ | 1797696486891323392 |
|---|---|
| author | Yi Yang Hauyu Baobab Liu Takayuki Muto Jun Hashimoto Ruobing Dong Kazuhiro Kanagawa Munetake Momose Eiji Akiyama Yasuhiro Hasegawa Takashi Tsukagoshi Mihoko Konishi Motohide Tamura |
| author_facet | Yi Yang Hauyu Baobab Liu Takayuki Muto Jun Hashimoto Ruobing Dong Kazuhiro Kanagawa Munetake Momose Eiji Akiyama Yasuhiro Hasegawa Takashi Tsukagoshi Mihoko Konishi Motohide Tamura |
| author_sort | Yi Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crescent-like asymmetric dust structures discovered in protoplanetary disks indicate dust aggregations. Thus, researching these structures helps us understand the planet formation process. Here we analyze ALMA data of the protoplanetary disk around the T-Tauri star SR 21, which has asymmetric structures that were detected in previous submillimeter observations. Imaged at ALMA Band 6 (1.3 mm) with a spatial resolution of about 0.″04, the disk is found to consist of two rings and three asymmetric structures, with two of the asymmetric structures being in the same ring. Compared to the Band 6 image, the Band 3 (2.7 mm) image also shows the three asymmetric structures, but with some clumps. The elongated asymmetric structures in the outer ring could be due to the interactions of a growing planet. Based on fitting the Band 3 and Band 6 dust continuum data, two branches of solutions for the maximum dust size in the disk are suggested: one is larger than 1 mm, and the other is smaller than 300 μ m. High-resolution continuum observations at longer wavelengths as well as polarization observations can help break the degeneracy. We also suggest that the prominent spiral previously identified in VLT/SPHERE observations south of the star at 0.″25 may be the scattered-light counterpart of the inner arc, and the structure is a dust-trapping vortex in nature. The discovered features in SR 21 make it a good target for studying the evolution of asymmetric structures and planet formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:27:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-916feb338ff44a49b8444e246108a9fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:27:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-916feb338ff44a49b8444e246108a9fd2023-09-03T13:33:31ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01948211010.3847/1538-4357/acc325Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21Yi Yang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-4150Hauyu Baobab Liu1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2300-2626Takayuki Muto2Jun Hashimoto3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-3575Ruobing Dong4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-7846Kazuhiro Kanagawa5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-2417Munetake Momose6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-0897Eiji Akiyama7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-8880Yasuhiro Hasegawa8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-3663Takashi Tsukagoshi9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-2892Mihoko Konishi10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-0542Motohide Tamura11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-0681National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; yi.yang@abc-nins.jp; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Astrobiology Center , NINS, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University , No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.Division of Liberal Arts, Kogakuin University , 1-24-2 Nishi-Shinjyuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8677, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; yi.yang@abc-nins.jp; Astrobiology Center , NINS, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaCollege of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, JapanCollege of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, JapanDivision of Fundamental Education and Liberal Arts, Department of Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology 1719 Fujihashi , Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-1195, JapanJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109, USAFaculty of Engineering, Ashikaga University , Ohmae-cho 268-1, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-8558, JapanFaculty of Science and Technology, Oita University , 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; yi.yang@abc-nins.jp; Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Astrobiology Center , NINS, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanCrescent-like asymmetric dust structures discovered in protoplanetary disks indicate dust aggregations. Thus, researching these structures helps us understand the planet formation process. Here we analyze ALMA data of the protoplanetary disk around the T-Tauri star SR 21, which has asymmetric structures that were detected in previous submillimeter observations. Imaged at ALMA Band 6 (1.3 mm) with a spatial resolution of about 0.″04, the disk is found to consist of two rings and three asymmetric structures, with two of the asymmetric structures being in the same ring. Compared to the Band 6 image, the Band 3 (2.7 mm) image also shows the three asymmetric structures, but with some clumps. The elongated asymmetric structures in the outer ring could be due to the interactions of a growing planet. Based on fitting the Band 3 and Band 6 dust continuum data, two branches of solutions for the maximum dust size in the disk are suggested: one is larger than 1 mm, and the other is smaller than 300 μ m. High-resolution continuum observations at longer wavelengths as well as polarization observations can help break the degeneracy. We also suggest that the prominent spiral previously identified in VLT/SPHERE observations south of the star at 0.″25 may be the scattered-light counterpart of the inner arc, and the structure is a dust-trapping vortex in nature. The discovered features in SR 21 make it a good target for studying the evolution of asymmetric structures and planet formation.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc325Protoplanetary disksPlanet formation |
| spellingShingle | Yi Yang Hauyu Baobab Liu Takayuki Muto Jun Hashimoto Ruobing Dong Kazuhiro Kanagawa Munetake Momose Eiji Akiyama Yasuhiro Hasegawa Takashi Tsukagoshi Mihoko Konishi Motohide Tamura Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21 The Astrophysical Journal Protoplanetary disks Planet formation |
| title | Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21 |
| title_full | Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21 |
| title_fullStr | Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21 |
| title_short | Multiple Rings and Asymmetric Structures in the Disk of SR 21 |
| title_sort | multiple rings and asymmetric structures in the disk of sr 21 |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Planet formation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc325 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yiyang multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT hauyubaobabliu multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT takayukimuto multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT junhashimoto multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT ruobingdong multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT kazuhirokanagawa multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT munetakemomose multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT eijiakiyama multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT yasuhirohasegawa multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT takashitsukagoshi multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT mihokokonishi multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 AT motohidetamura multipleringsandasymmetricstructuresinthediskofsr21 |