Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata)
In most Anisoptera families, the modal diploid number is 25 in males (24 autosomes + X), and the X chromosome is one of the smallest elements of the complement. The family Gomphidae is an exception, as it has a modal diploid number of 23 (22 + X), and the X chromosome is the largest of the complemen...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Diversity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/10/874 |
| _version_ | 1797473725605478400 |
|---|---|
| author | Liliana M. Mola Pablo J. Rebagliati María F. Fourastié Silvia S. Agopian |
| author_facet | Liliana M. Mola Pablo J. Rebagliati María F. Fourastié Silvia S. Agopian |
| author_sort | Liliana M. Mola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In most Anisoptera families, the modal diploid number is 25 in males (24 autosomes + X), and the X chromosome is one of the smallest elements of the complement. The family Gomphidae is an exception, as it has a modal diploid number of 23 (22 + X), and the X chromosome is the largest of the complement and of medium-to-large size in many species. We studied the meiosis of three gomphid species from Argentina: <i>Aphylla</i> cf. <i>distinguenda</i> (Campion, 1920), <i>Phyllocycla propinqua</i> Belle, 1972 and <i>Phyllocycla</i> sp. Chromosome number is 2n = 23, n = 11 + X, except for <i>Phyllocycla propinqua</i>, showing n = 10 + X. The X chromosome of these species is medium-sized and presents heteropyknotic blocks of different sizes. Despite the small number of gomphid species analysed, there is a clear trend of increasing size of the X chromosome with the increasing amount of heterochromatin. Our results, together with those from the literature, suggest that its large size might have been due to a progressive accumulation of repetitive DNA and heterochromatinisation and not to fusion, as previously suggested. This led us to propose that the ancestral number coincided with the modal number of Gomphidae. A revision of the derived sex-determining systems in Odonata is also provided. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:20:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9178236ad8984fa08ad8b94e07554436 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:20:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-9178236ad8984fa08ad8b94e075544362023-11-23T23:49:11ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182022-10-01141087410.3390/d14100874Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata)Liliana M. Mola0Pablo J. Rebagliati1María F. Fourastié2Silvia S. Agopian3Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaFacultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Sede Centro. 25 de mayo 709, Gualeguaychú E2822ABA, Entre Ríos, ArgentinaInstituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaIndependent Researcher, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1176ABM, ArgentinaIn most Anisoptera families, the modal diploid number is 25 in males (24 autosomes + X), and the X chromosome is one of the smallest elements of the complement. The family Gomphidae is an exception, as it has a modal diploid number of 23 (22 + X), and the X chromosome is the largest of the complement and of medium-to-large size in many species. We studied the meiosis of three gomphid species from Argentina: <i>Aphylla</i> cf. <i>distinguenda</i> (Campion, 1920), <i>Phyllocycla propinqua</i> Belle, 1972 and <i>Phyllocycla</i> sp. Chromosome number is 2n = 23, n = 11 + X, except for <i>Phyllocycla propinqua</i>, showing n = 10 + X. The X chromosome of these species is medium-sized and presents heteropyknotic blocks of different sizes. Despite the small number of gomphid species analysed, there is a clear trend of increasing size of the X chromosome with the increasing amount of heterochromatin. Our results, together with those from the literature, suggest that its large size might have been due to a progressive accumulation of repetitive DNA and heterochromatinisation and not to fusion, as previously suggested. This led us to propose that the ancestral number coincided with the modal number of Gomphidae. A revision of the derived sex-determining systems in Odonata is also provided.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/10/874holokinetic chromosomesgomphids X chromosome evolutionsex-determination systems<i>Aphylla</i><i>Phyllocycla</i> |
| spellingShingle | Liliana M. Mola Pablo J. Rebagliati María F. Fourastié Silvia S. Agopian Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata) Diversity holokinetic chromosomes gomphids X chromosome evolution sex-determination systems <i>Aphylla</i> <i>Phyllocycla</i> |
| title | Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata) |
| title_full | Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata) |
| title_fullStr | Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata) |
| title_short | Meiotic Analysis of Gomphidae Species Sheds Light on the Large X Chromosome of the Family (Anisoptera, Odonata) |
| title_sort | meiotic analysis of gomphidae species sheds light on the large x chromosome of the family anisoptera odonata |
| topic | holokinetic chromosomes gomphids X chromosome evolution sex-determination systems <i>Aphylla</i> <i>Phyllocycla</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/10/874 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lilianammola meioticanalysisofgomphidaespeciesshedslightonthelargexchromosomeofthefamilyanisopteraodonata AT pablojrebagliati meioticanalysisofgomphidaespeciesshedslightonthelargexchromosomeofthefamilyanisopteraodonata AT mariaffourastie meioticanalysisofgomphidaespeciesshedslightonthelargexchromosomeofthefamilyanisopteraodonata AT silviasagopian meioticanalysisofgomphidaespeciesshedslightonthelargexchromosomeofthefamilyanisopteraodonata |