Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus)
The increased use of hexavalent chromium (Cr<sup>6+</sup>) in various industrial applications has contributed to its elevated levels in the environment, especially the aquatic environment. Thus, there is the potential for accumulation of Cr<sup>6+</sup> in the tissues of aqua...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| author | Olufemi S. Salami Joseph A. Adeyemi Toluwase S. Olawuyi Fernando Barbosa Chris O. Adedire |
| author_facet | Olufemi S. Salami Joseph A. Adeyemi Toluwase S. Olawuyi Fernando Barbosa Chris O. Adedire |
| author_sort | Olufemi S. Salami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increased use of hexavalent chromium (Cr<sup>6+</sup>) in various industrial applications has contributed to its elevated levels in the environment, especially the aquatic environment. Thus, there is the potential for accumulation of Cr<sup>6+</sup> in the tissues of aquatic organisms and consequent toxic effects. The toxic effects of Cr<sup>6+</sup> in aquatic organisms have been widely reported; however, little is known about the patterns of tissue accumulation of Cr<sup>6+</sup> and its toxicity in aquatic mollusks. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of Cr<sup>6+</sup> exposure on the tissue distribution, proximate composition, and histopathology of an aquatic mollusk, periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i>). The animals were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cr<sup>6+</sup> (0.42, 0.84, and 4.2 mg/L) for 30 days, after which the condition index, tissue accumulation, proximate composition, and histopathological effects were determined. The control animals were maintained in a medium that did not contain Cr<sup>6+</sup> (0 mg/L). The condition index did not differ significantly among the groups. The levels of Cr<sup>6+</sup> in the tissues differed significantly among the different tissue types while there was no significant effect of the exposure concentration, except in the foot tissue. The proximate parameters (protein, carbohydrates, lipid, crude fiber, and moisture contents) differed significantly among the groups. The protein contents of the exposed animals were significantly lower than those of the control animals and the histological architecture of the major organs was altered in the chromium-exposed animals. The findings from this study indicate a low potential of <i>L. littorea</i> to bioaccumulate Cr<sup>6+</sup> in its tissues at the low exposure concentrations tested in this study; as such, its consumption may not pose any serious health risks to humans. However, changes in the proximate composition and histological architecture of the exposed <i>L. littorea</i> show that Cr<sup>6+</sup> is potentially toxic to periwinkles. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:34:49Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-917e132379ee40cfa513a2e342f5c09f2023-11-10T14:58:02ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-11-011321341210.3390/ani13213412Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus)Olufemi S. Salami0Joseph A. Adeyemi1Toluwase S. Olawuyi2Fernando Barbosa3Chris O. Adedire4Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, NigeriaDepartment of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, NigeriaDepartment of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, NigeriaDepartment of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, BrazilDepartment of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, NigeriaThe increased use of hexavalent chromium (Cr<sup>6+</sup>) in various industrial applications has contributed to its elevated levels in the environment, especially the aquatic environment. Thus, there is the potential for accumulation of Cr<sup>6+</sup> in the tissues of aquatic organisms and consequent toxic effects. The toxic effects of Cr<sup>6+</sup> in aquatic organisms have been widely reported; however, little is known about the patterns of tissue accumulation of Cr<sup>6+</sup> and its toxicity in aquatic mollusks. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of Cr<sup>6+</sup> exposure on the tissue distribution, proximate composition, and histopathology of an aquatic mollusk, periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i>). The animals were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cr<sup>6+</sup> (0.42, 0.84, and 4.2 mg/L) for 30 days, after which the condition index, tissue accumulation, proximate composition, and histopathological effects were determined. The control animals were maintained in a medium that did not contain Cr<sup>6+</sup> (0 mg/L). The condition index did not differ significantly among the groups. The levels of Cr<sup>6+</sup> in the tissues differed significantly among the different tissue types while there was no significant effect of the exposure concentration, except in the foot tissue. The proximate parameters (protein, carbohydrates, lipid, crude fiber, and moisture contents) differed significantly among the groups. The protein contents of the exposed animals were significantly lower than those of the control animals and the histological architecture of the major organs was altered in the chromium-exposed animals. The findings from this study indicate a low potential of <i>L. littorea</i> to bioaccumulate Cr<sup>6+</sup> in its tissues at the low exposure concentrations tested in this study; as such, its consumption may not pose any serious health risks to humans. However, changes in the proximate composition and histological architecture of the exposed <i>L. littorea</i> show that Cr<sup>6+</sup> is potentially toxic to periwinkles.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/21/3412hexavalent chromiumcondition indextissue distributionproximate analysesperiwinkleshistopathology |
| spellingShingle | Olufemi S. Salami Joseph A. Adeyemi Toluwase S. Olawuyi Fernando Barbosa Chris O. Adedire Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus) Animals hexavalent chromium condition index tissue distribution proximate analyses periwinkles histopathology |
| title | Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus) |
| title_full | Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus) |
| title_fullStr | Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus) |
| title_short | Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle (<i>Littorina littorea</i> Linnaeus) |
| title_sort | tissue distributions and toxic effects of hexavalent chromium in laboratory exposed periwinkle i littorina littorea i linnaeus |
| topic | hexavalent chromium condition index tissue distribution proximate analyses periwinkles histopathology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/21/3412 |
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