Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and Specificity
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem affecting the quality of life of more than 2 billion individuals. The current practice guidelines diagnose and monitor IDA via conventional hematological and iron biomarkers, which take several months before they are corrected under...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/19/5675 |
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| author | Majed N. Almashjary Ahmed S. Barefah Salem Bahashwan Ibraheem Ashankyty Refaat ElFayoumi Majed Alzahrani Duaa M. Assaqaf Raghad S. Aljabri Amera Y. Aljohani Rema Muslim Sara A. Baawad Waleed M. Bawazir Saif A. Alharthy |
| author_facet | Majed N. Almashjary Ahmed S. Barefah Salem Bahashwan Ibraheem Ashankyty Refaat ElFayoumi Majed Alzahrani Duaa M. Assaqaf Raghad S. Aljabri Amera Y. Aljohani Rema Muslim Sara A. Baawad Waleed M. Bawazir Saif A. Alharthy |
| author_sort | Majed N. Almashjary |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem affecting the quality of life of more than 2 billion individuals. The current practice guidelines diagnose and monitor IDA via conventional hematological and iron biomarkers, which take several months before they are corrected under an iron-treatment plan. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) is used as a marker in most new hematology analyzers to assess iron incorporation into erythrocyte hemoglobin directly. This study aims to examine the efficacy of Ret-He as a marker for iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and investigate whether Ret-He is sensitive to iron therapy. Methods: Two blood samples were drawn from 182 participants for CBC and iron profile measurements. Follow-up samples were drawn from participants with a confirmed diagnosis of ID and/or IDA. Results: Ret-He levels were lower in the ID and IDA groups compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and lower in the IDA group compared to the ID group (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Ret-He was correlated with ferritin at ID level (<30.0 mg/mL; r = 0.39) and severe IDA (<13.0 ng/mL; <i>p</i>-value < 0.01, r = 0.57). Cut-off values of <28.25 pg for ID and <21.55 pg for IDA showed a higher specificity and sensitivity (ID; AUC: 0.99, sensitivity: 92.73%, specificity: 97.87%) and (IDA; AUC: 0.94, sensitivity: 90.63%, specificity: 92.31%). Finally, Ret-He successfully reflected the iron therapy (<i>p</i> < 0.001) when compared to hemoglobin (Hb) (<i>p</i> = 0.1). Conclusions: Ret-He is a potential marker for detecting and diagnosing different stages of ID with high validity and is very sensitive in reflecting the iron incorporation in a short time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:34:28Z |
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| id | doaj.art-918fae35a3ed461c83f1439c2fcf8d2d |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:34:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-918fae35a3ed461c83f1439c2fcf8d2d2023-11-23T20:46:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-09-011119567510.3390/jcm11195675Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and SpecificityMajed N. Almashjary0Ahmed S. Barefah1Salem Bahashwan2Ibraheem Ashankyty3Refaat ElFayoumi4Majed Alzahrani5Duaa M. Assaqaf6Raghad S. Aljabri7Amera Y. Aljohani8Rema Muslim9Sara A. Baawad10Waleed M. Bawazir11Saif A. Alharthy12Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaHematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaHematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaHematology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem affecting the quality of life of more than 2 billion individuals. The current practice guidelines diagnose and monitor IDA via conventional hematological and iron biomarkers, which take several months before they are corrected under an iron-treatment plan. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) is used as a marker in most new hematology analyzers to assess iron incorporation into erythrocyte hemoglobin directly. This study aims to examine the efficacy of Ret-He as a marker for iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and investigate whether Ret-He is sensitive to iron therapy. Methods: Two blood samples were drawn from 182 participants for CBC and iron profile measurements. Follow-up samples were drawn from participants with a confirmed diagnosis of ID and/or IDA. Results: Ret-He levels were lower in the ID and IDA groups compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and lower in the IDA group compared to the ID group (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Ret-He was correlated with ferritin at ID level (<30.0 mg/mL; r = 0.39) and severe IDA (<13.0 ng/mL; <i>p</i>-value < 0.01, r = 0.57). Cut-off values of <28.25 pg for ID and <21.55 pg for IDA showed a higher specificity and sensitivity (ID; AUC: 0.99, sensitivity: 92.73%, specificity: 97.87%) and (IDA; AUC: 0.94, sensitivity: 90.63%, specificity: 92.31%). Finally, Ret-He successfully reflected the iron therapy (<i>p</i> < 0.001) when compared to hemoglobin (Hb) (<i>p</i> = 0.1). Conclusions: Ret-He is a potential marker for detecting and diagnosing different stages of ID with high validity and is very sensitive in reflecting the iron incorporation in a short time.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/19/5675iron deficiency anemiairon deficiencyreticulocyte hemoglobin equivalentirondiagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Majed N. Almashjary Ahmed S. Barefah Salem Bahashwan Ibraheem Ashankyty Refaat ElFayoumi Majed Alzahrani Duaa M. Assaqaf Raghad S. Aljabri Amera Y. Aljohani Rema Muslim Sara A. Baawad Waleed M. Bawazir Saif A. Alharthy Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and Specificity Journal of Clinical Medicine iron deficiency anemia iron deficiency reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent iron diagnosis |
| title | Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and Specificity |
| title_full | Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and Specificity |
| title_fullStr | Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and Specificity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and Specificity |
| title_short | Reticulocyte Hemoglobin-Equivalent Potentially Detects, Diagnoses and Discriminates between Stages of Iron Deficiency with High Sensitivity and Specificity |
| title_sort | reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent potentially detects diagnoses and discriminates between stages of iron deficiency with high sensitivity and specificity |
| topic | iron deficiency anemia iron deficiency reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent iron diagnosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/19/5675 |
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