Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, has recently become an increasing problem in California due to the evolution and prevalence of highly aggressive race 1 strains. In resistant plant genotypes, the type III effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB are recognized by t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2010-04-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-23-4-0415 |
| _version_ | 1811278122028367872 |
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| author | Suparat Kunkeaw Steven Tan Gitta Coaker |
| author_facet | Suparat Kunkeaw Steven Tan Gitta Coaker |
| author_sort | Suparat Kunkeaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, has recently become an increasing problem in California due to the evolution and prevalence of highly aggressive race 1 strains. In resistant plant genotypes, the type III effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB are recognized by the tomato proteins Pto and Prf. We investigated the prevalence of avrPto and avrPtoB in strains collected over the last 13 years in California. All race 1 strains retained avrPtoB but did not express AvrPtoB protein at detectable levels in vitro. However, deletion of avrPtoB indicated that this effector protein is still expressed at low levels in race 1 during infection. avrPto was detected in four race 1 strains but a key amino acid polymorphism prevents this new protein from interacting with and eliciting Pto-mediated resistance. Growth curve analyses demonstrate that this new avrPto allele is still functional and can enhance P. syringae virulence on tomato. Multilocus sequence typing was used to resolve phylogenetic relationships and revealed that the majority of race 0 and 1 strains were most closely related to P. syringae T1. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that existing P. syringae populations evolved to overcome genetic resistance by altering the expression and sequence of avrPto and avrPtoB effectors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-919351485955479b94657e6309904d10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:00Z |
| publishDate | 2010-04-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-919351485955479b94657e6309904d102022-12-22T03:10:31ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062010-04-0123441542410.1094/MPMI-23-4-0415Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1Suparat KunkeawSteven TanGitta CoakerPseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, has recently become an increasing problem in California due to the evolution and prevalence of highly aggressive race 1 strains. In resistant plant genotypes, the type III effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB are recognized by the tomato proteins Pto and Prf. We investigated the prevalence of avrPto and avrPtoB in strains collected over the last 13 years in California. All race 1 strains retained avrPtoB but did not express AvrPtoB protein at detectable levels in vitro. However, deletion of avrPtoB indicated that this effector protein is still expressed at low levels in race 1 during infection. avrPto was detected in four race 1 strains but a key amino acid polymorphism prevents this new protein from interacting with and eliciting Pto-mediated resistance. Growth curve analyses demonstrate that this new avrPto allele is still functional and can enhance P. syringae virulence on tomato. Multilocus sequence typing was used to resolve phylogenetic relationships and revealed that the majority of race 0 and 1 strains were most closely related to P. syringae T1. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that existing P. syringae populations evolved to overcome genetic resistance by altering the expression and sequence of avrPto and avrPtoB effectors.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-23-4-0415 |
| spellingShingle | Suparat Kunkeaw Steven Tan Gitta Coaker Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 |
| title_full | Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 |
| title_short | Molecular and Evolutionary Analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 |
| title_sort | molecular and evolutionary analyses of pseudomonas syringae pv tomato race 1 |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-23-4-0415 |
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