Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males
Physical inactivity and a poor diet increase systemic inflammation, while chronic inflammation can be reduced through exercise and nutritional interventions. The mechanisms underlying the impacts of lifestyle interventions on inflammation remain to be fully explained; however, epigenetic modificatio...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/2/478 |
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| author | David John Hunter Lynsey S. James Bethan Hussey Richard A. Ferguson Martin R. Lindley Sarabjit S. Mastana |
| author_facet | David John Hunter Lynsey S. James Bethan Hussey Richard A. Ferguson Martin R. Lindley Sarabjit S. Mastana |
| author_sort | David John Hunter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Physical inactivity and a poor diet increase systemic inflammation, while chronic inflammation can be reduced through exercise and nutritional interventions. The mechanisms underlying the impacts of lifestyle interventions on inflammation remain to be fully explained; however, epigenetic modifications may be critical. The purpose of our study was to investigate the impacts of eccentric resistance exercise and fatty acid supplementation on DNA methylation and mRNA expression of <i>TNF</i> and <i>IL6</i> in skeletal muscle and leukocytes. Eight non-resistance exercise-trained males completed three bouts of isokinetic eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. The first bout occurred at baseline, the second occurred following a three-week supplementation of either omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or extra virgin olive oil and the final bout occurred after eight-weeks of eccentric resistance training and supplementation. Acute exercise decreased skeletal muscle <i>TNF</i> DNA methylation by 5% (<i>p</i> = 0.031), whereas <i>IL6</i> DNA methylation increased by 3% (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Leukocyte DNA methylation was unchanged following exercise (<i>p</i> > 0.05); however, three hours post-exercise the <i>TNF</i> DNA methylation decreased by 2% (<i>p</i> = 0.004). In skeletal muscle, increased <i>TNF</i> and <i>IL6</i> mRNA expression levels were identified immediately post-exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.027); however, the leukocyte mRNA expression was unchanged. Associations between DNA methylation and markers of exercise performance, inflammation and muscle damage were identified (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Acute eccentric resistance exercise is sufficient to induce tissue-specific DNA methylation modifications to <i>TNF</i> and <i>IL6</i>; however, neither eccentric training nor supplementation was sufficient to further modify the DNA methylation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:47:05Z |
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| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:47:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-91936551b47c4fa2a73160b3739658682023-11-16T20:43:32ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-02-0114247810.3390/genes14020478Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy MalesDavid John Hunter0Lynsey S. James1Bethan Hussey2Richard A. Ferguson3Martin R. Lindley4Sarabjit S. Mastana5Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKTranslational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKTranslational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKNational Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKTranslational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKTranslational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKPhysical inactivity and a poor diet increase systemic inflammation, while chronic inflammation can be reduced through exercise and nutritional interventions. The mechanisms underlying the impacts of lifestyle interventions on inflammation remain to be fully explained; however, epigenetic modifications may be critical. The purpose of our study was to investigate the impacts of eccentric resistance exercise and fatty acid supplementation on DNA methylation and mRNA expression of <i>TNF</i> and <i>IL6</i> in skeletal muscle and leukocytes. Eight non-resistance exercise-trained males completed three bouts of isokinetic eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. The first bout occurred at baseline, the second occurred following a three-week supplementation of either omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or extra virgin olive oil and the final bout occurred after eight-weeks of eccentric resistance training and supplementation. Acute exercise decreased skeletal muscle <i>TNF</i> DNA methylation by 5% (<i>p</i> = 0.031), whereas <i>IL6</i> DNA methylation increased by 3% (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Leukocyte DNA methylation was unchanged following exercise (<i>p</i> > 0.05); however, three hours post-exercise the <i>TNF</i> DNA methylation decreased by 2% (<i>p</i> = 0.004). In skeletal muscle, increased <i>TNF</i> and <i>IL6</i> mRNA expression levels were identified immediately post-exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.027); however, the leukocyte mRNA expression was unchanged. Associations between DNA methylation and markers of exercise performance, inflammation and muscle damage were identified (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Acute eccentric resistance exercise is sufficient to induce tissue-specific DNA methylation modifications to <i>TNF</i> and <i>IL6</i>; however, neither eccentric training nor supplementation was sufficient to further modify the DNA methylation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/2/478DNA methylationepigeneticsresistance exercisefatty acidsskeletal muscleleukocytes |
| spellingShingle | David John Hunter Lynsey S. James Bethan Hussey Richard A. Ferguson Martin R. Lindley Sarabjit S. Mastana Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males Genes DNA methylation epigenetics resistance exercise fatty acids skeletal muscle leukocytes |
| title | Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males |
| title_full | Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males |
| title_short | Impacts of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes for Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Leukocytes of Healthy Males |
| title_sort | impacts of eccentric resistance exercise on dna methylation of candidate genes for inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle and leukocytes of healthy males |
| topic | DNA methylation epigenetics resistance exercise fatty acids skeletal muscle leukocytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/2/478 |
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