Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability
Alterations in fish developmental trajectories occur in response to genetic and environmental changes, especially during sensitive periods of development (critical windows). Embryos and larvae of <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i> were used as a model to study fish survival, growth, and develo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/1/5 |
| _version_ | 1827589439377899520 |
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| author | Gil Martínez Emyr Peña Rafael Martínez Susana Camarillo Warren Burggren Alfonso Álvarez |
| author_facet | Gil Martínez Emyr Peña Rafael Martínez Susana Camarillo Warren Burggren Alfonso Álvarez |
| author_sort | Gil Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alterations in fish developmental trajectories occur in response to genetic and environmental changes, especially during sensitive periods of development (critical windows). Embryos and larvae of <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i> were used as a model to study fish survival, growth, and development as a function of temperature (28 °C control, 33 °C, and 36 °C), salinity (0.0 ppt control, 4.0 ppt, and 6.0 ppt), and air saturation (control ~95% air saturation, hypoxia ~30% air saturation, and hyperoxia ~117% air saturation) during three developmental periods: (1) fertilization to hatch, (2) day 1 to day 6 post hatch (dph), and (3) 7 to 12 dph. Elevated temperature, hypoxia, and hyperoxia decreased survival during incubation, and salinity at 2 and 3 dph. Growth increased in embryos incubated at elevated temperature, at higher salinity, and in hyperoxia but decreased in hypoxia. Changes in development occurred as alterations in the timing of hatching, yolk depletion, acceptance of exogenous feeding, free swimming, and snout shape change, especially at high temperature and hypoxia. Our results suggest identifiable critical windows of development in the early ontogeny of <i>A. tropicus</i> and contribute to the knowledge of fish larval ecology and the interactions of individuals × stressors × time of exposure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:56:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-919dc8377f6b4a7a99a4f4c50a1f94e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:56:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-919dc8377f6b4a7a99a4f4c50a1f94e92023-12-11T16:50:03ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882021-02-0161510.3390/fishes6010005Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen AvailabilityGil Martínez0Emyr Peña1Rafael Martínez2Susana Camarillo3Warren Burggren4Alfonso Álvarez5Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa TAB 86039, MexicoLaboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa TAB 86039, MexicoLaboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa TAB 86039, MexicoLaboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa TAB 86039, MexicoDevelopmental Physiology Laboratory, Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USALaboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa TAB 86039, MexicoAlterations in fish developmental trajectories occur in response to genetic and environmental changes, especially during sensitive periods of development (critical windows). Embryos and larvae of <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i> were used as a model to study fish survival, growth, and development as a function of temperature (28 °C control, 33 °C, and 36 °C), salinity (0.0 ppt control, 4.0 ppt, and 6.0 ppt), and air saturation (control ~95% air saturation, hypoxia ~30% air saturation, and hyperoxia ~117% air saturation) during three developmental periods: (1) fertilization to hatch, (2) day 1 to day 6 post hatch (dph), and (3) 7 to 12 dph. Elevated temperature, hypoxia, and hyperoxia decreased survival during incubation, and salinity at 2 and 3 dph. Growth increased in embryos incubated at elevated temperature, at higher salinity, and in hyperoxia but decreased in hypoxia. Changes in development occurred as alterations in the timing of hatching, yolk depletion, acceptance of exogenous feeding, free swimming, and snout shape change, especially at high temperature and hypoxia. Our results suggest identifiable critical windows of development in the early ontogeny of <i>A. tropicus</i> and contribute to the knowledge of fish larval ecology and the interactions of individuals × stressors × time of exposure.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/1/5ancestral fishdevelopmental phenotypic plasticityheterokairysensitive periodscritical windows |
| spellingShingle | Gil Martínez Emyr Peña Rafael Martínez Susana Camarillo Warren Burggren Alfonso Álvarez Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability Fishes ancestral fish developmental phenotypic plasticity heterokairy sensitive periods critical windows |
| title | Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability |
| title_full | Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability |
| title_fullStr | Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability |
| title_short | Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar <i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability |
| title_sort | survival growth and development in the early stages of the tropical gar i atractosteus tropicus i developmental critical windows and the influence of temperature salinity and oxygen availability |
| topic | ancestral fish developmental phenotypic plasticity heterokairy sensitive periods critical windows |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/1/5 |
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