Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini Review
Ferrites have excellent magnetic, electric, and optical properties that make them an indispensable choice of material for a plethora of applications, such as in various biomedical fields, magneto–optical displays, rechargeable lithium batteries, microwave devices, internet technology, transformer co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Magnetochemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/9/6/156 |
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| author | Nilima Maji Harmanjit Singh Dosanjh |
| author_facet | Nilima Maji Harmanjit Singh Dosanjh |
| author_sort | Nilima Maji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ferrites have excellent magnetic, electric, and optical properties that make them an indispensable choice of material for a plethora of applications, such as in various biomedical fields, magneto–optical displays, rechargeable lithium batteries, microwave devices, internet technology, transformer cores, humidity sensors, high-frequency media, magnetic recordings, solar energy devices, and magnetic fluids. Recently, magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts are one of the most prominent fields of research as they can act both as homogeneous and heterogenous catalysts. Nano-ferrites provide a large surface area for organic groups to anchor, increase the product and decrease reaction time, providing a cost-effective method of transformation. Various organic reactions were reported, such as the photocatalytic decomposition of a different dye, alkylation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, C–C coupling, etc., with nano-ferrites as a catalyst. Metal-doped ferrites with Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Zn, along with the metal ferrites doped with Mn, Cr, Cd, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, or lanthanides and surface modified with silica and titania, are used as catalysts in various organic reactions. Metal ferrites (MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) act as a Lewis acid and increase the electrophilicity of specific groups of the reactants by accepting electrons in order to form covalent bonds. Ferrite nanocatalysts are easily recoverable by applying an external magnetic field for their reuse without significantly losing their catalytic activities. The use of different metal ferrites in different organic transformations reduces the catalyst overloading and, at the same time, reduces the use of harmful solvents and the production of poisonous byproducts, hence, serving as a green method of chemical synthesis. This review provides insight into the application of different ferrites as magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts in different organic reactions and transformations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:13:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-919f236c2e064e99bcde5b7126e0c412 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2312-7481 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:13:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Magnetochemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-919f236c2e064e99bcde5b7126e0c4122023-11-18T11:21:57ZengMDPI AGMagnetochemistry2312-74812023-06-019615610.3390/magnetochemistry9060156Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini ReviewNilima Maji0Harmanjit Singh Dosanjh1Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, IndiaFerrites have excellent magnetic, electric, and optical properties that make them an indispensable choice of material for a plethora of applications, such as in various biomedical fields, magneto–optical displays, rechargeable lithium batteries, microwave devices, internet technology, transformer cores, humidity sensors, high-frequency media, magnetic recordings, solar energy devices, and magnetic fluids. Recently, magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts are one of the most prominent fields of research as they can act both as homogeneous and heterogenous catalysts. Nano-ferrites provide a large surface area for organic groups to anchor, increase the product and decrease reaction time, providing a cost-effective method of transformation. Various organic reactions were reported, such as the photocatalytic decomposition of a different dye, alkylation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, C–C coupling, etc., with nano-ferrites as a catalyst. Metal-doped ferrites with Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Zn, along with the metal ferrites doped with Mn, Cr, Cd, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, or lanthanides and surface modified with silica and titania, are used as catalysts in various organic reactions. Metal ferrites (MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) act as a Lewis acid and increase the electrophilicity of specific groups of the reactants by accepting electrons in order to form covalent bonds. Ferrite nanocatalysts are easily recoverable by applying an external magnetic field for their reuse without significantly losing their catalytic activities. The use of different metal ferrites in different organic transformations reduces the catalyst overloading and, at the same time, reduces the use of harmful solvents and the production of poisonous byproducts, hence, serving as a green method of chemical synthesis. This review provides insight into the application of different ferrites as magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts in different organic reactions and transformations.https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/9/6/156ferritenanocatalystsmagnetic separationrecyclable catalystgreen synthesis |
| spellingShingle | Nilima Maji Harmanjit Singh Dosanjh Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini Review Magnetochemistry ferrite nanocatalysts magnetic separation recyclable catalyst green synthesis |
| title | Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini Review |
| title_full | Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini Review |
| title_fullStr | Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini Review |
| title_short | Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions: A Mini Review |
| title_sort | ferrite nanoparticles as catalysts in organic reactions a mini review |
| topic | ferrite nanocatalysts magnetic separation recyclable catalyst green synthesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/9/6/156 |
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