| Summary: | This article explores the interaction between conservation of biodiversity and geodiversity in protected areas. It reflects the guidance booklet being developed by the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Geoheritage Specialist Group led by the author. The paper explores the reasons why conservation of biodiversity and geodiversity in protected areas are often considered separately in international systems and processes, in training of staff and in action on the ground. It argues the need for a more integrated and interconnected approach recognising the interdependencies of the two elements and especially the dependency of biological features and processes on geological and geomorphological systems and processes. Examples of integrated approaches and separate approaches are discussed. The framework for resolution of conflict of ecosystem functions is presented. Finally, the practicalities of dealing with the conflicts between the two elements are discussed. Keywords: Geoconservation, Biodiversity conservation, Integrated approaches, Protected areas, Conflict resolution
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