Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions
In this paper, we propose new three-dimensional (3D) visualization of objects at long distance under photon-starved conditions. In conventional three-dimensional image visualization techniques, the visual quality of three-dimensional images may be degraded because object images at long distances may...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2645 |
| _version_ | 1827752143342272512 |
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| author | Gilsu Yeo Myungjin Cho |
| author_facet | Gilsu Yeo Myungjin Cho |
| author_sort | Gilsu Yeo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we propose new three-dimensional (3D) visualization of objects at long distance under photon-starved conditions. In conventional three-dimensional image visualization techniques, the visual quality of three-dimensional images may be degraded because object images at long distances may have low resolution. Thus, in our proposed method, we utilize digital zooming, which can crop and interpolate the region of interest from the image to improve the visual quality of three-dimensional images at long distances. Under photon-starved conditions, three-dimensional images at long distances may not be visualized due to the lack of the number of photons. Photon counting integral imaging can be used to solve this problem, but objects at long distance may still have a small number of photons. In our method, a three-dimensional image can be reconstructed, since photon counting integral imaging with digital zooming is used. In addition, to estimate a more accurate three-dimensional image at long distance under photon-starved conditions, in this paper, multiple observation photon counting integral imaging (i.e., N observation photon counting integral imaging) is used. To show the feasibility of our proposed method, we implement the optical experiments and calculate performance metrics, such as peak sidelobe ratio. Therefore, our method can improve the visualization of three-dimensional objects at long distances under photon-starved conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:10:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91b3b3b01fe2401bb9e3fdee33d1678b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:10:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-91b3b3b01fe2401bb9e3fdee33d1678b2023-11-17T08:37:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-02-01235264510.3390/s23052645Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved ConditionsGilsu Yeo0Myungjin Cho1Research Center for Hyper-Connected Convergence Technology, School of ICT, Robotics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Information and Telecommunication Convergence (IITC), Hankyong National University, 327 Chungang-ro, Anseong 17579, Kyonggi-do, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Hyper-Connected Convergence Technology, School of ICT, Robotics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Information and Telecommunication Convergence (IITC), Hankyong National University, 327 Chungang-ro, Anseong 17579, Kyonggi-do, Republic of KoreaIn this paper, we propose new three-dimensional (3D) visualization of objects at long distance under photon-starved conditions. In conventional three-dimensional image visualization techniques, the visual quality of three-dimensional images may be degraded because object images at long distances may have low resolution. Thus, in our proposed method, we utilize digital zooming, which can crop and interpolate the region of interest from the image to improve the visual quality of three-dimensional images at long distances. Under photon-starved conditions, three-dimensional images at long distances may not be visualized due to the lack of the number of photons. Photon counting integral imaging can be used to solve this problem, but objects at long distance may still have a small number of photons. In our method, a three-dimensional image can be reconstructed, since photon counting integral imaging with digital zooming is used. In addition, to estimate a more accurate three-dimensional image at long distance under photon-starved conditions, in this paper, multiple observation photon counting integral imaging (i.e., N observation photon counting integral imaging) is used. To show the feasibility of our proposed method, we implement the optical experiments and calculate performance metrics, such as peak sidelobe ratio. Therefore, our method can improve the visualization of three-dimensional objects at long distances under photon-starved conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2645digital zoomingN observations photon counting integral imagingphoton-starved conditionssynthetic aperture integral imagingthree-dimensional integral imagingvolumetric computational reconstruction |
| spellingShingle | Gilsu Yeo Myungjin Cho Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions Sensors digital zooming N observations photon counting integral imaging photon-starved conditions synthetic aperture integral imaging three-dimensional integral imaging volumetric computational reconstruction |
| title | Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions |
| title_full | Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions |
| title_short | Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions |
| title_sort | three dimensional digital zooming of integral imaging under photon starved conditions |
| topic | digital zooming N observations photon counting integral imaging photon-starved conditions synthetic aperture integral imaging three-dimensional integral imaging volumetric computational reconstruction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2645 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gilsuyeo threedimensionaldigitalzoomingofintegralimagingunderphotonstarvedconditions AT myungjincho threedimensionaldigitalzoomingofintegralimagingunderphotonstarvedconditions |