Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging Applications
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is crucial in revolutionizing the food supply chain and combating global food waste. However, this technology faces challenges in full integration due to disruptive effects on tags caused by the dielectric properties of food and beverage ingredients,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/643 |
| _version_ | 1797264591058632704 |
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| author | Ethan Claucherty Danielle Cummins Angelica Rossi Bahar Aliakbarian |
| author_facet | Ethan Claucherty Danielle Cummins Angelica Rossi Bahar Aliakbarian |
| author_sort | Ethan Claucherty |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is crucial in revolutionizing the food supply chain and combating global food waste. However, this technology faces challenges in full integration due to disruptive effects on tags caused by the dielectric properties of food and beverage ingredients, chemical constituents, and their packaging. This paper aims to demonstrate the effect of packaging and beverage contents on RFID tag performance. Three commercially available ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tags with different designs were tested on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, measuring tag performance through sensitivity, backscatter, and read range in the presence of various water-based solutions and commercially available beverages. The results highlight the substantial impact of the beverage type and tag design on RFID performance. The results of this study showed that tag 3 was the most consistent and readable tag amongst those tested in the presence of different beverage contents. Tag 3 resulted in a sensitivity ranging from −0.49 to −2.01 dBm, backscatter from −38.16 to 43.59 dBm, and read range from 1.58 to 1.88 m, while tag 1 performed the best in the presence of an empty PET bottle resulting in a sensitivity of −20.78 dBm, backscatter of −23.65 dBm, and read range of 16.34 m. The results of this study can be used for further investigations to develop a mathematical model that predicts the RFID tag performance based on the food composition. This model will be helpful for the design of the tags while facilitating the adoption of smart packaging for food traceability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:31:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91cd01952c3e4e958fb5f3cc77d7c02a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:31:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-91cd01952c3e4e958fb5f3cc77d7c02a2024-03-12T16:43:58ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-02-0113564310.3390/foods13050643Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging ApplicationsEthan Claucherty0Danielle Cummins1Angelica Rossi2Bahar Aliakbarian3The Axia Institute, Michigan State University, 1910 W. St. Andrews Rd., Midland, MI 48640, USAThe Axia Institute, Michigan State University, 1910 W. St. Andrews Rd., Midland, MI 48640, USADepartment of Civil, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, ItalyThe Axia Institute, Michigan State University, 1910 W. St. Andrews Rd., Midland, MI 48640, USARadio frequency identification (RFID) technology is crucial in revolutionizing the food supply chain and combating global food waste. However, this technology faces challenges in full integration due to disruptive effects on tags caused by the dielectric properties of food and beverage ingredients, chemical constituents, and their packaging. This paper aims to demonstrate the effect of packaging and beverage contents on RFID tag performance. Three commercially available ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tags with different designs were tested on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, measuring tag performance through sensitivity, backscatter, and read range in the presence of various water-based solutions and commercially available beverages. The results highlight the substantial impact of the beverage type and tag design on RFID performance. The results of this study showed that tag 3 was the most consistent and readable tag amongst those tested in the presence of different beverage contents. Tag 3 resulted in a sensitivity ranging from −0.49 to −2.01 dBm, backscatter from −38.16 to 43.59 dBm, and read range from 1.58 to 1.88 m, while tag 1 performed the best in the presence of an empty PET bottle resulting in a sensitivity of −20.78 dBm, backscatter of −23.65 dBm, and read range of 16.34 m. The results of this study can be used for further investigations to develop a mathematical model that predicts the RFID tag performance based on the food composition. This model will be helpful for the design of the tags while facilitating the adoption of smart packaging for food traceability.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/643radio frequency identification (RFID)tag performancefood packagingfood wastefood traceability |
| spellingShingle | Ethan Claucherty Danielle Cummins Angelica Rossi Bahar Aliakbarian Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging Applications Foods radio frequency identification (RFID) tag performance food packaging food waste food traceability |
| title | Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging Applications |
| title_full | Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging Applications |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging Applications |
| title_short | Effect of Beverage Composition on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Performance Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles for Smart Food Packaging Applications |
| title_sort | effect of beverage composition on radio frequency identification rfid performance using polyethylene terephthalate pet bottles for smart food packaging applications |
| topic | radio frequency identification (RFID) tag performance food packaging food waste food traceability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/643 |
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