Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing worldwide. T2DM is often complicated by a range of psychological disorders that interfere with glycemic control and self-care. Previous studies have reported diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety among patients with T2DM; however; lit...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937973/full |
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| author | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad Sally Fawzy Elotla Anwar I. Joudeh Anwar I. Joudeh Mona Mostafa Asghar Shah Jaffer Shah Samar F. Mohamed |
| author_facet | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad Sally Fawzy Elotla Anwar I. Joudeh Anwar I. Joudeh Mona Mostafa Asghar Shah Jaffer Shah Samar F. Mohamed |
| author_sort | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing worldwide. T2DM is often complicated by a range of psychological disorders that interfere with glycemic control and self-care. Previous studies have reported diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety among patients with T2DM; however; little is known about the burden of these comorbid mental disorders in primary care patients with T2DM treated in Egypt during the COVID-19 era. Participants were selected by convenient sampling from eight rural primary healthcare facilities from Ismailia in Egypt. Symptoms of diabetes distress, depression and anxiety were assessed by using the Arabic version of the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), Patient Health Questionnaire 9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scales, respectively. Multiple hierarchical logistic regression models were used to estimate the significant factors associated with diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety. A total of 403 individuals with T2DM were interviewed. The prevalence of severe diabetes distress was 13.4% (95% CI: 10.1–16.7), while prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 9.2% (95% CI: 6.4–12.0%), and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.1–5.9), respectively. In a series of hierarchical logistic regression models, significant predictors for diabetes distress were being married, illiterate, not-working, living with insufficient income, and having multi-comorbidities. Likewise, the significant predictors for depression and anxiety were elevated glycated hemoglobin level and the higher PAID total score, while having multi-comorbidities was a significant predictor for anxiety only. Diabetes distress was more prevalent than depressive and anxiety symptoms in this study population. Several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified to be related with psychological problems among patients with T2DM, which necessitate a multidisciplinary team-based approach for optimal screening and management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T11:17:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91d300cf588f4269a396d6b34ec8f25d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T11:17:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-91d300cf588f4269a396d6b34ec8f25d2022-12-22T00:26:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402022-06-011310.3389/fpsyt.2022.937973937973Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional StudyHazem A. Sayed Ahmed0Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad1Sally Fawzy Elotla2Anwar I. Joudeh3Anwar I. Joudeh4Mona Mostafa5Asghar Shah6Jaffer Shah7Samar F. Mohamed8Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDivision of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United StatesMedical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, AfghanistanDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing worldwide. T2DM is often complicated by a range of psychological disorders that interfere with glycemic control and self-care. Previous studies have reported diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety among patients with T2DM; however; little is known about the burden of these comorbid mental disorders in primary care patients with T2DM treated in Egypt during the COVID-19 era. Participants were selected by convenient sampling from eight rural primary healthcare facilities from Ismailia in Egypt. Symptoms of diabetes distress, depression and anxiety were assessed by using the Arabic version of the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), Patient Health Questionnaire 9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scales, respectively. Multiple hierarchical logistic regression models were used to estimate the significant factors associated with diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety. A total of 403 individuals with T2DM were interviewed. The prevalence of severe diabetes distress was 13.4% (95% CI: 10.1–16.7), while prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 9.2% (95% CI: 6.4–12.0%), and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.1–5.9), respectively. In a series of hierarchical logistic regression models, significant predictors for diabetes distress were being married, illiterate, not-working, living with insufficient income, and having multi-comorbidities. Likewise, the significant predictors for depression and anxiety were elevated glycated hemoglobin level and the higher PAID total score, while having multi-comorbidities was a significant predictor for anxiety only. Diabetes distress was more prevalent than depressive and anxiety symptoms in this study population. Several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified to be related with psychological problems among patients with T2DM, which necessitate a multidisciplinary team-based approach for optimal screening and management.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937973/fullanxietyCOVID-19depressiondiabetes distressprimary healthcaretype 2 diabetes |
| spellingShingle | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad Sally Fawzy Elotla Anwar I. Joudeh Anwar I. Joudeh Mona Mostafa Asghar Shah Jaffer Shah Samar F. Mohamed Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study Frontiers in Psychiatry anxiety COVID-19 depression diabetes distress primary healthcare type 2 diabetes |
| title | Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | prevalence and associated factors of diabetes distress depression and anxiety among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes during the covid 19 pandemic in egypt a cross sectional study |
| topic | anxiety COVID-19 depression diabetes distress primary healthcare type 2 diabetes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937973/full |
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