Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide
Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is a commonly used disinfectant for fecal sludge. Although viruses are inactivated by lime treatment, whether RNA viruses adapt to lime treatment has not yet been determined. Here, we show that murine norovirus developed higher tolerance during serial passages with li...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.848439/full |
| _version_ | 1811329471184109568 |
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| author | Wakana Oishi Mikiko Sato Kengo Kubota Kengo Kubota Ryoka Ishiyama Reiko Takai-Todaka Kei Haga Kazuhiko Katayama Daisuke Sano Daisuke Sano Daisuke Sano |
| author_facet | Wakana Oishi Mikiko Sato Kengo Kubota Kengo Kubota Ryoka Ishiyama Reiko Takai-Todaka Kei Haga Kazuhiko Katayama Daisuke Sano Daisuke Sano Daisuke Sano |
| author_sort | Wakana Oishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is a commonly used disinfectant for fecal sludge. Although viruses are inactivated by lime treatment, whether RNA viruses adapt to lime treatment has not yet been determined. Here, we show that murine norovirus developed higher tolerance during serial passages with lime treatment. We compared synonymous and non-synonymous nucleotide diversities of the three open reading frames of viral genome and revealed that virus populations were subjected to enhanced purifying selection over the course of serial passages with lime treatment. Virus adaptation to lime treatment was coincident with amino acid substitution of lysine to arginine at position 345 (K345R) on the major capsid protein VP1, which accounted for more than 90% of the population. The infectious clones with the K345R produced using a plasmid-based reverse genetics system exhibited greater tolerance in a lime solution, which indicated that the specific amino acid substitution was solely involved in the viral tolerance in lime treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:44:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91dbea77a9664298a0fd716a016507b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:44:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-91dbea77a9664298a0fd716a016507b12022-12-22T02:41:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-03-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.848439848439Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium HydroxideWakana Oishi0Mikiko Sato1Kengo Kubota2Kengo Kubota3Ryoka Ishiyama4Reiko Takai-Todaka5Kei Haga6Kazuhiko Katayama7Daisuke Sano8Daisuke Sano9Daisuke Sano10Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanLaboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanResearch Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, JapanSlaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is a commonly used disinfectant for fecal sludge. Although viruses are inactivated by lime treatment, whether RNA viruses adapt to lime treatment has not yet been determined. Here, we show that murine norovirus developed higher tolerance during serial passages with lime treatment. We compared synonymous and non-synonymous nucleotide diversities of the three open reading frames of viral genome and revealed that virus populations were subjected to enhanced purifying selection over the course of serial passages with lime treatment. Virus adaptation to lime treatment was coincident with amino acid substitution of lysine to arginine at position 345 (K345R) on the major capsid protein VP1, which accounted for more than 90% of the population. The infectious clones with the K345R produced using a plasmid-based reverse genetics system exhibited greater tolerance in a lime solution, which indicated that the specific amino acid substitution was solely involved in the viral tolerance in lime treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.848439/fullmurine norovirusexperimental evolutiondisinfectionslaked limecalcium hydroxide |
| spellingShingle | Wakana Oishi Mikiko Sato Kengo Kubota Kengo Kubota Ryoka Ishiyama Reiko Takai-Todaka Kei Haga Kazuhiko Katayama Daisuke Sano Daisuke Sano Daisuke Sano Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide Frontiers in Microbiology murine norovirus experimental evolution disinfection slaked lime calcium hydroxide |
| title | Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide |
| title_full | Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide |
| title_short | Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide |
| title_sort | experimental adaptation of murine norovirus to calcium hydroxide |
| topic | murine norovirus experimental evolution disinfection slaked lime calcium hydroxide |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.848439/full |
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