Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications
An increasing number of tooth replacement procedures ending with implant failure generates a great need for the delivery of novel biomedical solutions with appropriate mechanical characteristics that would mimic natural tissue and undergo biodegradation. This phenomenon constitutes a significant dif...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/7/338 |
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| author | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska Łukasz Janus Tomasz Galek Ernest Szajna Aleksandra Sierakowska Karol Łysiak Mirosław Tupaj Dariusz Bogdał |
| author_facet | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska Łukasz Janus Tomasz Galek Ernest Szajna Aleksandra Sierakowska Karol Łysiak Mirosław Tupaj Dariusz Bogdał |
| author_sort | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An increasing number of tooth replacement procedures ending with implant failure generates a great need for the delivery of novel biomedical solutions with appropriate mechanical characteristics that would mimic natural tissue and undergo biodegradation. This phenomenon constitutes a significant difficulty for scientists, since currently applied biomaterials dedicated for this purpose are based on stainless steel, Ti, and Ti and CoCr alloys. One of the most promising raw materials is magnesium, which has been proven to promote bone regeneration and accelerate the tissue healing process. Nevertheless, its high reactivity with body fluid components is associated with fast and difficult-to-control biocorrosion, which strongly limits the application of Mg implants as medical devices. The achievement of appropriate functionality, both physiochemical and biological, to enable the commercial use of Mg biomaterials is possible only after their superficial modification. Therefore, the obtainment of uniform, reproducible coatings increasing resistance to the aqueous environment of the human body combined with a nanostructured surface that enhances implant–cell behaviors is an extremely important issue. Herein, we present a successful strategy for the modification of Mg implants via the PEO process, resulting in the obtainment of biomaterials with lower corrosion rates and superior biological properties, such as the promotion of extracellular matrix formation and a positive impact on the proliferation of MG-63 cells. The implants were investigated regarding their chemical composition using the FT-IR and XRD methods, which revealed that MgO layer formation, as well as the incorporation of electrolyte components such as fluorine and silica, were responsible for the increased microhardness of the samples. An extensive study of the biomaterials’ morphology confirmed that successful surface modification led to a microporous structure suitable for the attachment and proliferation of cells. The three-layer nature of the newly-formed coatings, typical for PEO modification, was confirmed via cross-section analysis. A biocorrosion and biodegradation study proved that applied modification increased their resistance to body fluids. The cell culture study performed herein confirmed that the correct adjustment of modification parameters results in a lack of cytotoxicity of the magnesium implants, cell proliferation enhancement, and improvement in extracellular matrix formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:56:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91de17fe4ffa44efad9c591b73547aaa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:56:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-91de17fe4ffa44efad9c591b73547aaa2023-11-18T19:56:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832023-06-0114733810.3390/jfb14070338Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry ApplicationsJulia Radwan-Pragłowska0Łukasz Janus1Tomasz Galek2Ernest Szajna3Aleksandra Sierakowska4Karol Łysiak5Mirosław Tupaj6Dariusz Bogdał7Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 4 Street, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, PolandWEA Techlab Sp. z o. o., Perla 10, 41-301 Dabrowa Gornicza, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 4 Street, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, PolandFaculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 4 Street, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandAn increasing number of tooth replacement procedures ending with implant failure generates a great need for the delivery of novel biomedical solutions with appropriate mechanical characteristics that would mimic natural tissue and undergo biodegradation. This phenomenon constitutes a significant difficulty for scientists, since currently applied biomaterials dedicated for this purpose are based on stainless steel, Ti, and Ti and CoCr alloys. One of the most promising raw materials is magnesium, which has been proven to promote bone regeneration and accelerate the tissue healing process. Nevertheless, its high reactivity with body fluid components is associated with fast and difficult-to-control biocorrosion, which strongly limits the application of Mg implants as medical devices. The achievement of appropriate functionality, both physiochemical and biological, to enable the commercial use of Mg biomaterials is possible only after their superficial modification. Therefore, the obtainment of uniform, reproducible coatings increasing resistance to the aqueous environment of the human body combined with a nanostructured surface that enhances implant–cell behaviors is an extremely important issue. Herein, we present a successful strategy for the modification of Mg implants via the PEO process, resulting in the obtainment of biomaterials with lower corrosion rates and superior biological properties, such as the promotion of extracellular matrix formation and a positive impact on the proliferation of MG-63 cells. The implants were investigated regarding their chemical composition using the FT-IR and XRD methods, which revealed that MgO layer formation, as well as the incorporation of electrolyte components such as fluorine and silica, were responsible for the increased microhardness of the samples. An extensive study of the biomaterials’ morphology confirmed that successful surface modification led to a microporous structure suitable for the attachment and proliferation of cells. The three-layer nature of the newly-formed coatings, typical for PEO modification, was confirmed via cross-section analysis. A biocorrosion and biodegradation study proved that applied modification increased their resistance to body fluids. The cell culture study performed herein confirmed that the correct adjustment of modification parameters results in a lack of cytotoxicity of the magnesium implants, cell proliferation enhancement, and improvement in extracellular matrix formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/7/338dental biomaterialsbone tissue replacementstructural properties |
| spellingShingle | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska Łukasz Janus Tomasz Galek Ernest Szajna Aleksandra Sierakowska Karol Łysiak Mirosław Tupaj Dariusz Bogdał Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications Journal of Functional Biomaterials dental biomaterials bone tissue replacement structural properties |
| title | Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications |
| title_full | Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications |
| title_short | Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications |
| title_sort | evaluation of physiochemical and biological properties of biofunctionalized mg based implants obtained via large scale peo process for dentistry applications |
| topic | dental biomaterials bone tissue replacement structural properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/7/338 |
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