The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential effectors of the host innate immune system and they represent promising molecules for the treatment of multidrug resistant microbes. A better understanding of microbial resistance to these defense peptides is thus prerequisite for the control of infectious...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.611220/full |
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| author | Zaynoun Attieh Zaynoun Attieh Carine Mouawad Agnès Rejasse Isabelle Jehanno Stéphane Perchat Ida K. Hegna Ole A. Økstad Mireille Kallassy Awad Vincent Sanchis-Borja Laure El Chamy |
| author_facet | Zaynoun Attieh Zaynoun Attieh Carine Mouawad Agnès Rejasse Isabelle Jehanno Stéphane Perchat Ida K. Hegna Ole A. Økstad Mireille Kallassy Awad Vincent Sanchis-Borja Laure El Chamy |
| author_sort | Zaynoun Attieh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential effectors of the host innate immune system and they represent promising molecules for the treatment of multidrug resistant microbes. A better understanding of microbial resistance to these defense peptides is thus prerequisite for the control of infectious diseases. Here, using a random mutagenesis approach, we identify the fliK gene, encoding an internal molecular ruler that controls flagella hook length, as an essential element for Bacillus thuringiensis resistance to AMPs in Drosophila. Unlike its parental strain, that is highly virulent to both wild-type and AMPs deficient mutant flies, the fliK deletion mutant is only lethal to the latter’s. In agreement with its conserved function, the fliK mutant is non-flagellated and exhibits highly compromised motility. However, comparative analysis of the fliK mutant phenotype to that of a fla mutant, in which the genes encoding flagella proteins are interrupted, indicate that B. thuringiensis FliK-dependent resistance to AMPs is independent of flagella assembly. As a whole, our results identify FliK as an essential determinant for B. thuringiensis virulence in Drosophila and provide new insights on the mechanisms underlying bacteria resistance to AMPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:45:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91dff1b14e22458a81bf748fa57f9b16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:45:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-91dff1b14e22458a81bf748fa57f9b162022-12-21T18:35:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-12-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.611220611220The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogasterZaynoun Attieh0Zaynoun Attieh1Carine Mouawad2Agnès Rejasse3Isabelle Jehanno4Stéphane Perchat5Ida K. Hegna6Ole A. Økstad7Mireille Kallassy Awad8Vincent Sanchis-Borja9Laure El Chamy10UR-EGP, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, LebanonUniversité Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUR-EGP, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, LebanonUniversité Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceDepartment of Pharmacy, Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Pharmacy, Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayUR-EGP, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, LebanonUniversité Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUR-EGP, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, LebanonAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential effectors of the host innate immune system and they represent promising molecules for the treatment of multidrug resistant microbes. A better understanding of microbial resistance to these defense peptides is thus prerequisite for the control of infectious diseases. Here, using a random mutagenesis approach, we identify the fliK gene, encoding an internal molecular ruler that controls flagella hook length, as an essential element for Bacillus thuringiensis resistance to AMPs in Drosophila. Unlike its parental strain, that is highly virulent to both wild-type and AMPs deficient mutant flies, the fliK deletion mutant is only lethal to the latter’s. In agreement with its conserved function, the fliK mutant is non-flagellated and exhibits highly compromised motility. However, comparative analysis of the fliK mutant phenotype to that of a fla mutant, in which the genes encoding flagella proteins are interrupted, indicate that B. thuringiensis FliK-dependent resistance to AMPs is independent of flagella assembly. As a whole, our results identify FliK as an essential determinant for B. thuringiensis virulence in Drosophila and provide new insights on the mechanisms underlying bacteria resistance to AMPs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.611220/fullantimicrobial peptidesresistanceBacillus thuringiensisDrosophila melanogastervirulenceFliK |
| spellingShingle | Zaynoun Attieh Zaynoun Attieh Carine Mouawad Agnès Rejasse Isabelle Jehanno Stéphane Perchat Ida K. Hegna Ole A. Økstad Mireille Kallassy Awad Vincent Sanchis-Borja Laure El Chamy The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster Frontiers in Microbiology antimicrobial peptides resistance Bacillus thuringiensis Drosophila melanogaster virulence FliK |
| title | The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_full | The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_fullStr | The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_full_unstemmed | The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_short | The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_sort | flik gene is required for the resistance of bacillus thuringiensis to antimicrobial peptides and virulence in drosophila melanogaster |
| topic | antimicrobial peptides resistance Bacillus thuringiensis Drosophila melanogaster virulence FliK |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.611220/full |
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