Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China
Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses. However, the profile of the alfalfa...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1519 |
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| author | Jin Li Qiaoxia Shang Yanqi Liu Wenting Dai Xin Li Shuhua Wei Guixin Hu Mark Richard McNeill Liping Ban |
| author_facet | Jin Li Qiaoxia Shang Yanqi Liu Wenting Dai Xin Li Shuhua Wei Guixin Hu Mark Richard McNeill Liping Ban |
| author_sort | Jin Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses. However, the profile of the alfalfa virus in China remains ambiguous and the viruses transmitted by <i>Odontothrips loti</i> (Haliday), dominant insect pests in alfalfa, are also poorly understood. In the present study, virus diversity was investigated in the primary alfalfa-growing areas in China. A total of 18 alfalfa viruses were identified through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two new plant viruses, <i>Medicago sativa</i> virus 1 (MsV1) and <i>Medicago sativa</i> luteovirus 1 (MsLV1), were detected for the first time. Another four viruses, including the Alfalfa ringspot-associated virus (ARaV), Alfalfa virus F (AVF), Alfalfa enamovirus 1 (AEV1), and Alfalfa deltaparitivirus (ADPV), were reported in China for the first time as well. Both <i>Alfalfa mosaic virus</i> (AMV) and <i>Medicago sativa</i> alphapartitivirus 2 (MsAPV2) are the dominant pathogens, with an infection incidence of 91.7–100%, and 74.4–97.2%, respectively. Additionally, <i>O. loti</i> with first- and second-instar nymphs were shown to acquire the AMV within 0.25 h of feeding on a virus-infected alfalfa. Transmission by thrips to healthy alfalfa plants was also demonstrated. Additionally, we clarified the dynamic changes in the AMV in pre-adult stages of <i>O. loti</i>, which indicated that the AMV is propagated in the nymph stage of <i>O. loti</i>. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the alfalfa virome, confirm the role thrips <i>O. loti</i> plays in alfalfa virus transmission, and improve our fundamental knowledge and management of diseases in China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:51:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91ea911264ff42dda9525addc0063ea2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:51:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-91ea911264ff42dda9525addc0063ea22023-11-30T22:05:34ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-07-01147151910.3390/v14071519Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in ChinaJin Li0Qiaoxia Shang1Yanqi Liu2Wenting Dai3Xin Li4Shuhua Wei5Guixin Hu6Mark Richard McNeill7Liping Ban8College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, ChinaPratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaResilient Agriculture Innovative Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Ltd., Lincoln 7674, New ZealandCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaAlfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses. However, the profile of the alfalfa virus in China remains ambiguous and the viruses transmitted by <i>Odontothrips loti</i> (Haliday), dominant insect pests in alfalfa, are also poorly understood. In the present study, virus diversity was investigated in the primary alfalfa-growing areas in China. A total of 18 alfalfa viruses were identified through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two new plant viruses, <i>Medicago sativa</i> virus 1 (MsV1) and <i>Medicago sativa</i> luteovirus 1 (MsLV1), were detected for the first time. Another four viruses, including the Alfalfa ringspot-associated virus (ARaV), Alfalfa virus F (AVF), Alfalfa enamovirus 1 (AEV1), and Alfalfa deltaparitivirus (ADPV), were reported in China for the first time as well. Both <i>Alfalfa mosaic virus</i> (AMV) and <i>Medicago sativa</i> alphapartitivirus 2 (MsAPV2) are the dominant pathogens, with an infection incidence of 91.7–100%, and 74.4–97.2%, respectively. Additionally, <i>O. loti</i> with first- and second-instar nymphs were shown to acquire the AMV within 0.25 h of feeding on a virus-infected alfalfa. Transmission by thrips to healthy alfalfa plants was also demonstrated. Additionally, we clarified the dynamic changes in the AMV in pre-adult stages of <i>O. loti</i>, which indicated that the AMV is propagated in the nymph stage of <i>O. loti</i>. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the alfalfa virome, confirm the role thrips <i>O. loti</i> plays in alfalfa virus transmission, and improve our fundamental knowledge and management of diseases in China.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1519alfalfa virusesRNA-seq<i>Odontothrips loti</i><i>Alfalfa mosaic virus</i><i>Medicago sativa</i> alphapartitivirus 2 |
| spellingShingle | Jin Li Qiaoxia Shang Yanqi Liu Wenting Dai Xin Li Shuhua Wei Guixin Hu Mark Richard McNeill Liping Ban Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China Viruses alfalfa viruses RNA-seq <i>Odontothrips loti</i> <i>Alfalfa mosaic virus</i> <i>Medicago sativa</i> alphapartitivirus 2 |
| title | Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China |
| title_full | Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China |
| title_short | Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China |
| title_sort | occurrence distribution and transmission of alfalfa viruses in china |
| topic | alfalfa viruses RNA-seq <i>Odontothrips loti</i> <i>Alfalfa mosaic virus</i> <i>Medicago sativa</i> alphapartitivirus 2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1519 |
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