Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling Mode
We study the phenomenon of periodic pulling which occurs in certain integrated microcircuits of relevant interest in applications, namely the injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs). They are modelled as second-order driven oscillators working in the subharmonic (secondary) resonance regime, i.e...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-09-01
|
| Series: | Entropy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/10/4026 |
| _version_ | 1798002433223294976 |
|---|---|
| author | Alessandro Lo Schiavo Antonio Buonomo |
| author_facet | Alessandro Lo Schiavo Antonio Buonomo |
| author_sort | Alessandro Lo Schiavo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We study the phenomenon of periodic pulling which occurs in certain integrated microcircuits of relevant interest in applications, namely the injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs). They are modelled as second-order driven oscillators working in the subharmonic (secondary) resonance regime, i.e., when the self-oscillating frequency is close (resonant) to an integer submultiple n of the driving frequency. Under the assumption of weak injection, we find the spectrum of the system’s oscillatory response in the unlocked mode through closed-form expressions, showing that such spectrum is double-sided and asymmetric, unlike the single-sided spectrum of systems with primary resonance (n=1). An analytical expression for the amplitude modulation of the oscillatory response is also presented. Numerical results are presented to support theoretical relations derived. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:52:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91f62015dd384da696f2937965f26363 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:52:11Z |
| publishDate | 2013-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-91f62015dd384da696f2937965f263632022-12-22T04:25:16ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002013-09-0115104026404110.3390/e15104026Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling ModeAlessandro Lo SchiavoAntonio BuonomoWe study the phenomenon of periodic pulling which occurs in certain integrated microcircuits of relevant interest in applications, namely the injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs). They are modelled as second-order driven oscillators working in the subharmonic (secondary) resonance regime, i.e., when the self-oscillating frequency is close (resonant) to an integer submultiple n of the driving frequency. Under the assumption of weak injection, we find the spectrum of the system’s oscillatory response in the unlocked mode through closed-form expressions, showing that such spectrum is double-sided and asymmetric, unlike the single-sided spectrum of systems with primary resonance (n=1). An analytical expression for the amplitude modulation of the oscillatory response is also presented. Numerical results are presented to support theoretical relations derived.http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/10/4026Injection pullinganalog frequency dividersinjection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs)nonlinear oscillatorssynchronizationaveraging method |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Lo Schiavo Antonio Buonomo Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling Mode Entropy Injection pulling analog frequency dividers injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) nonlinear oscillators synchronization averaging method |
| title | Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling Mode |
| title_full | Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling Mode |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling Mode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling Mode |
| title_short | Evaluating the Spectrum of Unlocked Injection Frequency Dividers in Pulling Mode |
| title_sort | evaluating the spectrum of unlocked injection frequency dividers in pulling mode |
| topic | Injection pulling analog frequency dividers injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) nonlinear oscillators synchronization averaging method |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/10/4026 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alessandroloschiavo evaluatingthespectrumofunlockedinjectionfrequencydividersinpullingmode AT antoniobuonomo evaluatingthespectrumofunlockedinjectionfrequencydividersinpullingmode |