Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population
In early life, maternal factors are of the utmost relevance for oral microbiome acquisition and maturation. Therefore, our study explored the impact of maternal factors, such as saliva and breastmilk colonization, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), type of delivery, oral health, and caregiving habit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/80 |
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| author | Mariana Fernandes Maria João Azevedo Carla Campos Ana Filipa Ferreira Álvaro Azevedo Inês Falcão-Pires Egija Zaura Carla Ramalho Joana Campos Benedita Sampaio-Maia |
| author_facet | Mariana Fernandes Maria João Azevedo Carla Campos Ana Filipa Ferreira Álvaro Azevedo Inês Falcão-Pires Egija Zaura Carla Ramalho Joana Campos Benedita Sampaio-Maia |
| author_sort | Mariana Fernandes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In early life, maternal factors are of the utmost relevance for oral microbiome acquisition and maturation. Therefore, our study explored the impact of maternal factors, such as saliva and breastmilk colonization, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), type of delivery, oral health, and caregiving habits on the prevalence of potential pathogenic and opportunistic oral bacteria in early life. A total of 26 healthy mothers, 23 mothers with CRF, and their 50 children were included and samples (child’s oral swabs, mother’s saliva, and breastmilk) were collected 4 to 12 weeks after delivery and inoculated in selective and differential media for detection of non-fastidious Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to isolate potential pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria identified by MALDI-TOF MS (414 isolates). Within mother–child dyads, the same species were identified in 86% of the pairs and potential pathogenic microorganisms from the <i>Staphylococcaceae</i> and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> families were found to be statistically significantly concordant between mother–child samples, particularly in the healthy group. <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> oral colonization in mother–child pairs were associated with the presence of CRF. Breastfeeding was related to the early life oral colonization of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> in children from healthy mothers and C-section was associated with higher diversity of pathogens, independent of cardiovascular status (<i>p</i> = 0.05). This study reveals the presence of potential oral opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria in early life and highlights the importance of maternal factors in its acquisition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:30:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-920de5cead4740389d2f2fa021545d87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:30:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-920de5cead4740389d2f2fa021545d872023-11-30T23:53:27ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-01-011218010.3390/pathogens12010080Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese PopulationMariana Fernandes0Maria João Azevedo1Carla Campos2Ana Filipa Ferreira3Álvaro Azevedo4Inês Falcão-Pires5Egija Zaura6Carla Ramalho7Joana Campos8Benedita Sampaio-Maia9INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4150-177 Porto, PortugalINEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4150-177 Porto, PortugalInstituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalFaculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, PortugalCardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalAcademic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlandsi3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalINEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4150-177 Porto, PortugalINEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4150-177 Porto, PortugalIn early life, maternal factors are of the utmost relevance for oral microbiome acquisition and maturation. Therefore, our study explored the impact of maternal factors, such as saliva and breastmilk colonization, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), type of delivery, oral health, and caregiving habits on the prevalence of potential pathogenic and opportunistic oral bacteria in early life. A total of 26 healthy mothers, 23 mothers with CRF, and their 50 children were included and samples (child’s oral swabs, mother’s saliva, and breastmilk) were collected 4 to 12 weeks after delivery and inoculated in selective and differential media for detection of non-fastidious Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to isolate potential pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria identified by MALDI-TOF MS (414 isolates). Within mother–child dyads, the same species were identified in 86% of the pairs and potential pathogenic microorganisms from the <i>Staphylococcaceae</i> and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> families were found to be statistically significantly concordant between mother–child samples, particularly in the healthy group. <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> oral colonization in mother–child pairs were associated with the presence of CRF. Breastfeeding was related to the early life oral colonization of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> in children from healthy mothers and C-section was associated with higher diversity of pathogens, independent of cardiovascular status (<i>p</i> = 0.05). This study reveals the presence of potential oral opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria in early life and highlights the importance of maternal factors in its acquisition.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/80oral microbiomematernal oral healthmother–child microbiome transmissionopportunistic/pathogenic bacteriacardiovascular risk |
| spellingShingle | Mariana Fernandes Maria João Azevedo Carla Campos Ana Filipa Ferreira Álvaro Azevedo Inês Falcão-Pires Egija Zaura Carla Ramalho Joana Campos Benedita Sampaio-Maia Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population Pathogens oral microbiome maternal oral health mother–child microbiome transmission opportunistic/pathogenic bacteria cardiovascular risk |
| title | Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population |
| title_full | Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population |
| title_fullStr | Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population |
| title_short | Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population |
| title_sort | potential pathogenic and opportunistic oral bacteria in early life the role of maternal factors in a portuguese population |
| topic | oral microbiome maternal oral health mother–child microbiome transmission opportunistic/pathogenic bacteria cardiovascular risk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/80 |
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