Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation
Lichens are poikilohydrous symbiotic associations between a fungus, photosynthetic partners, and bacteria. They are tolerant to repeated desiccation/rehydration cycles and adapted to anhydrobiosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a keystone for stress tolerance of lichens; during lichen rehydration, NO limits...
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Joana R. Expósito Sara Martín San Román Eva Barreno José Reig-Armiñana Francisco José García-Breijo Myriam Catalá |
| author_facet | Joana R. Expósito Sara Martín San Román Eva Barreno José Reig-Armiñana Francisco José García-Breijo Myriam Catalá |
| author_sort | Joana R. Expósito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lichens are poikilohydrous symbiotic associations between a fungus, photosynthetic partners, and bacteria. They are tolerant to repeated desiccation/rehydration cycles and adapted to anhydrobiosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a keystone for stress tolerance of lichens; during lichen rehydration, NO limits free radicals and lipid peroxidation but no data on the mechanisms of its synthesis exist. The aim of this work is to characterize the synthesis of NO in the lichen <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> using inhibitors of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), tungstate, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively. Tungstate suppressed the NO level in the lichen and caused an increase in malondialdehyde during rehydration in the hyphae of cortex and in phycobionts, suggesting that a plant-like NR is involved in the NO production. Specific activity of NR in <i>R. farinacea</i> was 91 μU/mg protein, a level comparable to those in the bryophyte <i>Physcomitrella patens</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. L-NAME treatment did not suppress the NO level in the lichens. On the other hand, NADPH-diaphorase activity cytochemistry showed a possible presence of a NOS-like activity in the microalgae where it is associated with cytoplasmatic vesicles. These data provide initial evidence that NO synthesis in <i>R. farinacea</i> involves NR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T11:37:06Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T11:37:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-9219ab96524f4a9f9a788f63976309422022-12-21T19:42:05ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472019-06-018718910.3390/plants8070189plants8070189Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid PeroxidationJoana R. Expósito0Sara Martín San Román1Eva Barreno2José Reig-Armiñana3Francisco José García-Breijo4Myriam Catalá5Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET—Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), SpainDepartment of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET—Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), SpainUniversitat de València, Botánica & ICBIBE—Jardí Botànic, Fac. CC. Biológicas, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, SpainUniversitat de València, Botánica & ICBIBE—Jardí Botànic, Fac. CC. Biológicas, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, SpainU. Politècnica de València, Dpto. Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Camino de Vera s/n, 46020 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET—Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), SpainLichens are poikilohydrous symbiotic associations between a fungus, photosynthetic partners, and bacteria. They are tolerant to repeated desiccation/rehydration cycles and adapted to anhydrobiosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a keystone for stress tolerance of lichens; during lichen rehydration, NO limits free radicals and lipid peroxidation but no data on the mechanisms of its synthesis exist. The aim of this work is to characterize the synthesis of NO in the lichen <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> using inhibitors of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), tungstate, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively. Tungstate suppressed the NO level in the lichen and caused an increase in malondialdehyde during rehydration in the hyphae of cortex and in phycobionts, suggesting that a plant-like NR is involved in the NO production. Specific activity of NR in <i>R. farinacea</i> was 91 μU/mg protein, a level comparable to those in the bryophyte <i>Physcomitrella patens</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. L-NAME treatment did not suppress the NO level in the lichens. On the other hand, NADPH-diaphorase activity cytochemistry showed a possible presence of a NOS-like activity in the microalgae where it is associated with cytoplasmatic vesicles. These data provide initial evidence that NO synthesis in <i>R. farinacea</i> involves NR.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/7/189<i>Trebouxia</i>microalgaelipid peroxidationdiaphorase activitylichensnitric oxidenitrate reductasenitric oxide synthase |
| spellingShingle | Joana R. Expósito Sara Martín San Román Eva Barreno José Reig-Armiñana Francisco José García-Breijo Myriam Catalá Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation Plants <i>Trebouxia</i> microalgae lipid peroxidation diaphorase activity lichens nitric oxide nitrate reductase nitric oxide synthase |
| title | Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation |
| title_full | Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation |
| title_fullStr | Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation |
| title_short | Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of <i>Ramalina farinacea</i> Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation |
| title_sort | inhibition of no biosynthetic activities during rehydration of i ramalina farinacea i lichen thalli provokes increases in lipid peroxidation |
| topic | <i>Trebouxia</i> microalgae lipid peroxidation diaphorase activity lichens nitric oxide nitrate reductase nitric oxide synthase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/7/189 |
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