Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties
Among the diversity of secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as means of defence against herbivores and microbes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common in Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and some other plant families. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are infamous as toxic compounds which can alkylat...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2014-04-01
|
| Series: | Diversity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/2/188 |
| _version_ | 1817992883336118272 |
|---|---|
| author | Assem El-Shazly Michael Wink |
| author_facet | Assem El-Shazly Michael Wink |
| author_sort | Assem El-Shazly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among the diversity of secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as means of defence against herbivores and microbes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common in Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and some other plant families. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are infamous as toxic compounds which can alkylate DNA und thus cause mutations and even cancer in herbivores and humans. Almost all genera of the family Boraginaceae synthesize and store this type of alkaloids. This review reports the available information on the present status (literature up to early 2014) of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Boraginaceae and summarizes the topics structure, distribution, chemistry, chemotaxonomic significance, and biological properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:32:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-921acde71f3243419cad90b28a4def8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:32:04Z |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-921acde71f3243419cad90b28a4def8d2022-12-22T02:20:09ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182014-04-016218828210.3390/d6020188d6020188Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological PropertiesAssem El-Shazly0Michael Wink1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyAmong the diversity of secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as means of defence against herbivores and microbes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common in Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and some other plant families. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are infamous as toxic compounds which can alkylate DNA und thus cause mutations and even cancer in herbivores and humans. Almost all genera of the family Boraginaceae synthesize and store this type of alkaloids. This review reports the available information on the present status (literature up to early 2014) of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Boraginaceae and summarizes the topics structure, distribution, chemistry, chemotaxonomic significance, and biological properties.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/2/188pyrrolizidine alkaloidsBoraginaceaedistributionstructuresNMR spectroscopymass spectrometrybiological properties |
| spellingShingle | Assem El-Shazly Michael Wink Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties Diversity pyrrolizidine alkaloids Boraginaceae distribution structures NMR spectroscopy mass spectrometry biological properties |
| title | Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties |
| title_full | Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties |
| title_fullStr | Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties |
| title_short | Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties |
| title_sort | diversity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the boraginaceae structures distribution and biological properties |
| topic | pyrrolizidine alkaloids Boraginaceae distribution structures NMR spectroscopy mass spectrometry biological properties |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/6/2/188 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT assemelshazly diversityofpyrrolizidinealkaloidsintheboraginaceaestructuresdistributionandbiologicalproperties AT michaelwink diversityofpyrrolizidinealkaloidsintheboraginaceaestructuresdistributionandbiologicalproperties |