Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease
<i>Background and objectives:</i> Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This stud...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/853 |
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| author | Amer Siddiq Abdul Khaliq Naveed Nabila Ghaffar Muhammad Aamir Naveed Ahmed |
| author_facet | Amer Siddiq Abdul Khaliq Naveed Nabila Ghaffar Muhammad Aamir Naveed Ahmed |
| author_sort | Amer Siddiq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and objectives:</i> Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Hashimoto’s disease and the key role of vitamin D levels among selected patients. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A total of 144 participants including healthy controls and patients were studied in the current study in which 118 were female and 26 were male. The thyroid profile was evaluated in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and healthy controls. <i>Results:</i> The mean ± SD Free T4 in the patients was recorded as 14.0 ± 4.9 pg/mL, and TSH was 7.6 ± 2.5 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 285 ± 142. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were 160 ± 63.5, whereas in the healthy controls, the mean ± SD Free T4 was recorded as 17.2 ± 2.1 pg/mL, and TSH was 2.1 ± 1.4 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR anti-TGs were 56.30 ± 46.06, and anti-TPO was 5.6 ± 5.12. The assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines (pg/mL) and total Vitamin D levels (nmol/L) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was recorded with values IL-1B 6.2 ± 0.8, IL-6 9.4 ± 0.4, IL-8 7.5 ± 0.5, IL-10 4.3 ± 0.1, IL-12 3.8 ± 0.5, TNF-α 7.6 ± 1.1, and total vitamin D 21.89 ± 3.5, whereas in healthy controls the mean ± SD IL-1B was 0.6 ± 0.1, IL-6 2.6 ± 0.5, IL-8 3.0 ± 1.2, IL-10 3.3 ± 1.3, IL-12 3.4 ± 0.4, TNF-α 1.4 ± 0.3 and total vitamin D was 42.26 ± 5.5. <i>Conclusions:</i> It was found that individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had raised serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α as compared to the healthy controls, whereas the total vitamin D levels were remarkably low as compared to health controls. Serum TSH, anti-TG, and anti-TPO levels were typically lower in controls and much higher in individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The current study’s findings might aid in future studies and in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:31:27Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:31:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-923181270d0d41d28990255a10cc2c672023-11-18T02:21:14ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-04-0159585310.3390/medicina59050853Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune DiseaseAmer Siddiq0Abdul Khaliq Naveed1Nabila Ghaffar2Muhammad Aamir3Naveed Ahmed4Pathology Department, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, PakistanPathology Department, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, PakistanDepartment of Medical Education, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore 54000, PakistanPathology Department, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, PakistanDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia<i>Background and objectives:</i> Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Hashimoto’s disease and the key role of vitamin D levels among selected patients. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A total of 144 participants including healthy controls and patients were studied in the current study in which 118 were female and 26 were male. The thyroid profile was evaluated in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and healthy controls. <i>Results:</i> The mean ± SD Free T4 in the patients was recorded as 14.0 ± 4.9 pg/mL, and TSH was 7.6 ± 2.5 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 285 ± 142. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were 160 ± 63.5, whereas in the healthy controls, the mean ± SD Free T4 was recorded as 17.2 ± 2.1 pg/mL, and TSH was 2.1 ± 1.4 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR anti-TGs were 56.30 ± 46.06, and anti-TPO was 5.6 ± 5.12. The assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines (pg/mL) and total Vitamin D levels (nmol/L) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was recorded with values IL-1B 6.2 ± 0.8, IL-6 9.4 ± 0.4, IL-8 7.5 ± 0.5, IL-10 4.3 ± 0.1, IL-12 3.8 ± 0.5, TNF-α 7.6 ± 1.1, and total vitamin D 21.89 ± 3.5, whereas in healthy controls the mean ± SD IL-1B was 0.6 ± 0.1, IL-6 2.6 ± 0.5, IL-8 3.0 ± 1.2, IL-10 3.3 ± 1.3, IL-12 3.4 ± 0.4, TNF-α 1.4 ± 0.3 and total vitamin D was 42.26 ± 5.5. <i>Conclusions:</i> It was found that individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had raised serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α as compared to the healthy controls, whereas the total vitamin D levels were remarkably low as compared to health controls. Serum TSH, anti-TG, and anti-TPO levels were typically lower in controls and much higher in individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The current study’s findings might aid in future studies and in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/853interleukinspro-inflammatory cytokinesHashimoto’s thyroiditisserum parameters |
| spellingShingle | Amer Siddiq Abdul Khaliq Naveed Nabila Ghaffar Muhammad Aamir Naveed Ahmed Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Medicina interleukins pro-inflammatory cytokines Hashimoto’s thyroiditis serum parameters |
| title | Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease |
| title_full | Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease |
| title_fullStr | Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease |
| title_short | Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease |
| title_sort | association of pro inflammatory cytokines with vitamin d in hashimoto s thyroid autoimmune disease |
| topic | interleukins pro-inflammatory cytokines Hashimoto’s thyroiditis serum parameters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/5/853 |
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