Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization
Blockchain ecosystems are rapidly maturing and meeting the needs of business environments (e.g., industry, manufacturing, and robotics). The decentralized approaches in industries enable novel business concepts, such as machine autonomy and servitization of manufacturing environments. Introducing th...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/338 |
| _version_ | 1797497515348590592 |
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| author | Matevž Pustišek Min Chen Andrej Kos Anton Kos |
| author_facet | Matevž Pustišek Min Chen Andrej Kos Anton Kos |
| author_sort | Matevž Pustišek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blockchain ecosystems are rapidly maturing and meeting the needs of business environments (e.g., industry, manufacturing, and robotics). The decentralized approaches in industries enable novel business concepts, such as machine autonomy and servitization of manufacturing environments. Introducing the distributed ledger technology principles into the machine sharing and servitization economy faces several challenges, and the integration opens new interesting research questions. Our research focuses on data and event models and secure upgradeable smart contract platforms for machine servitization. Our research indicates that with the proposed approaches, we can efficiently separate on- and off-chain data and assure scalability of the DApp without compromising the trust. We demonstrate that the secure upgradeable smart contract platform, which was adapted for machine servitization, supports the business workflow and, at the same time, assures common identification and authorization of all the participants in the system, including people, devices, and legal entities. We present a hybrid decentralized application (DApp) for the servitization of 3D printing. The solution can be used for or easily adapted to other manufacturing domains. It comprises a modular, upgradeable smart contract platform and off-chain machine, customer and web management, and monitoring interfaces. We pay special attention to the data and event models during the design, which are fundamental for the hybrid data storage and DApp architecture and the responsiveness of off-chain interfaces. The smart contract platform uses a proxy contract to control the access of smart contracts and role-based access control in function calls for blockchain users. We deploy and evaluate the DApp in a consortium blockchain network for performance and privacy. All the actors in the solution, including the machines, are identified by their blockchain accounts and are compeers. Our solution thus facilitates integration with the traditional information-communication systems in terms of the hybrid architectures and security standards for smart contract design comparable to those in traditional software engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:21:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92361e771eac4af7a7bb7c1e09952b1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:21:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-92361e771eac4af7a7bb7c1e09952b1c2023-11-23T12:20:44ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-01-0122133810.3390/s22010338Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing ServitizationMatevž Pustišek0Min Chen1Andrej Kos2Anton Kos3Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaBlockchain ecosystems are rapidly maturing and meeting the needs of business environments (e.g., industry, manufacturing, and robotics). The decentralized approaches in industries enable novel business concepts, such as machine autonomy and servitization of manufacturing environments. Introducing the distributed ledger technology principles into the machine sharing and servitization economy faces several challenges, and the integration opens new interesting research questions. Our research focuses on data and event models and secure upgradeable smart contract platforms for machine servitization. Our research indicates that with the proposed approaches, we can efficiently separate on- and off-chain data and assure scalability of the DApp without compromising the trust. We demonstrate that the secure upgradeable smart contract platform, which was adapted for machine servitization, supports the business workflow and, at the same time, assures common identification and authorization of all the participants in the system, including people, devices, and legal entities. We present a hybrid decentralized application (DApp) for the servitization of 3D printing. The solution can be used for or easily adapted to other manufacturing domains. It comprises a modular, upgradeable smart contract platform and off-chain machine, customer and web management, and monitoring interfaces. We pay special attention to the data and event models during the design, which are fundamental for the hybrid data storage and DApp architecture and the responsiveness of off-chain interfaces. The smart contract platform uses a proxy contract to control the access of smart contracts and role-based access control in function calls for blockchain users. We deploy and evaluate the DApp in a consortium blockchain network for performance and privacy. All the actors in the solution, including the machines, are identified by their blockchain accounts and are compeers. Our solution thus facilitates integration with the traditional information-communication systems in terms of the hybrid architectures and security standards for smart contract design comparable to those in traditional software engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/338machine autonomyservitizationuse casedecentralized applicationsmart contract |
| spellingShingle | Matevž Pustišek Min Chen Andrej Kos Anton Kos Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization Sensors machine autonomy servitization use case decentralized application smart contract |
| title | Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization |
| title_full | Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization |
| title_fullStr | Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization |
| title_short | Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization |
| title_sort | decentralized machine autonomy for manufacturing servitization |
| topic | machine autonomy servitization use case decentralized application smart contract |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/338 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matevzpustisek decentralizedmachineautonomyformanufacturingservitization AT minchen decentralizedmachineautonomyformanufacturingservitization AT andrejkos decentralizedmachineautonomyformanufacturingservitization AT antonkos decentralizedmachineautonomyformanufacturingservitization |