Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types
<p>Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a large fraction of atmospheric aerosol. To assess its impacts on climate and air pollution, knowledge of the number of phases in internal mixtures of different SOA types is required. Atmospheric models often assume that different SOA types form a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/13783/2022/acp-22-13783-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811332709202526208 |
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| author | F. Mahrt F. Mahrt L. Peng L. Peng L. Peng J. Zaks Y. Huang Y. Huang P. E. Ohno P. E. Ohno P. E. Ohno N. R. Smith F. K. A. Gregson Y. Qin Y. Qin C. L. Faiola C. L. Faiola S. T. Martin S. T. Martin S. A. Nizkorodov M. Ammann A. K. Bertram |
| author_facet | F. Mahrt F. Mahrt L. Peng L. Peng L. Peng J. Zaks Y. Huang Y. Huang P. E. Ohno P. E. Ohno P. E. Ohno N. R. Smith F. K. A. Gregson Y. Qin Y. Qin C. L. Faiola C. L. Faiola S. T. Martin S. T. Martin S. A. Nizkorodov M. Ammann A. K. Bertram |
| author_sort | F. Mahrt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a large
fraction of atmospheric aerosol. To assess its impacts on climate and air
pollution, knowledge of the number of phases in internal mixtures of
different SOA types is required. Atmospheric models often assume that
different SOA types form a single phase when mixed. Here, we present visual
observations of the number of phases formed after mixing different
anthropogenic and biogenic SOA types. Mixing SOA types generated in
environmental chambers with oxygen-to-carbon (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="528ec602ad41012dbd8700839f42941d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00001.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) ratios between 0.34 and 1.05, we found 6 out of 15 mixtures of two SOA types to result in two phase particles. We demonstrate that the number of phases depends on the
difference in the average <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="aa3ee63d16a9544135a7a9f6ec90028c"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00002.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratio between the two SOA types (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="328195da7909b5c4cb614c0bf8a8bd94"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00003.svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>). Using a threshold <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="345ea5224389a4431c174ed792bf652a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00004.svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> of 0.47, we can predict the phase
behavior of over 90 % of our mixtures, with one- and two-phase particles
predicted for <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo><mi mathvariant="italic"><</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">0.47</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="69pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="85e11743d368a34615b250aed7486249"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00005.svg" width="69pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.47</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="74pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="cffdd3a40a1ec62543c0ff65ba1e271e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00006.svg" width="74pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>,
respectively. This threshold <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="770fa35bca8ef870e4a32e2278a43243"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00007.svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> value provides a simple parameter
to predict whether mixtures of fresh and aged SOA form one- or two-phase particles in the atmosphere. In addition, we show that phase-separated SOA
particles form when mixtures of volatile organic compounds emitted from real
trees are oxidized.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:40:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-923b1c33517241d280ac5da33aadcbe0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:40:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-923b1c33517241d280ac5da33aadcbe02022-12-22T02:39:15ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242022-11-0122137831379610.5194/acp-22-13783-2022Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol typesF. Mahrt0F. Mahrt1L. Peng2L. Peng3L. Peng4J. Zaks5Y. Huang6Y. Huang7P. E. Ohno8P. E. Ohno9P. E. Ohno10N. R. Smith11F. K. A. Gregson12Y. Qin13Y. Qin14C. L. Faiola15C. L. Faiola16S. T. Martin17S. T. Martin18S. A. Nizkorodov19M. Ammann20A. K. Bertram21Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1 CanadaLaboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandDepartment of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1 CanadaInstitute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Chinanow at: College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1 CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1 Canadanow at: Anton Paar Canada Inc., 4920 Place Olivia, H4R 2Z8 Saint Laurent, CanadaJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for the Environment, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAnow at: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1 CanadaJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAnow at: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USALaboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandDepartment of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1 Canada<p>Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a large fraction of atmospheric aerosol. To assess its impacts on climate and air pollution, knowledge of the number of phases in internal mixtures of different SOA types is required. Atmospheric models often assume that different SOA types form a single phase when mixed. Here, we present visual observations of the number of phases formed after mixing different anthropogenic and biogenic SOA types. Mixing SOA types generated in environmental chambers with oxygen-to-carbon (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="528ec602ad41012dbd8700839f42941d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00001.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) ratios between 0.34 and 1.05, we found 6 out of 15 mixtures of two SOA types to result in two phase particles. We demonstrate that the number of phases depends on the difference in the average <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="aa3ee63d16a9544135a7a9f6ec90028c"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00002.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratio between the two SOA types (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="328195da7909b5c4cb614c0bf8a8bd94"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00003.svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>). Using a threshold <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="345ea5224389a4431c174ed792bf652a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00004.svg" width="40pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> of 0.47, we can predict the phase behavior of over 90 % of our mixtures, with one- and two-phase particles predicted for <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo><mi mathvariant="italic"><</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">0.47</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="69pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="85e11743d368a34615b250aed7486249"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00005.svg" width="69pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.47</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="74pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="cffdd3a40a1ec62543c0ff65ba1e271e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00006.svg" width="74pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, respectively. This threshold <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="770fa35bca8ef870e4a32e2278a43243"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00007.svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-13783-2022-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> value provides a simple parameter to predict whether mixtures of fresh and aged SOA form one- or two-phase particles in the atmosphere. In addition, we show that phase-separated SOA particles form when mixtures of volatile organic compounds emitted from real trees are oxidized.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/13783/2022/acp-22-13783-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | F. Mahrt F. Mahrt L. Peng L. Peng L. Peng J. Zaks Y. Huang Y. Huang P. E. Ohno P. E. Ohno P. E. Ohno N. R. Smith F. K. A. Gregson Y. Qin Y. Qin C. L. Faiola C. L. Faiola S. T. Martin S. T. Martin S. A. Nizkorodov M. Ammann A. K. Bertram Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types |
| title_full | Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types |
| title_fullStr | Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types |
| title_full_unstemmed | Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types |
| title_short | Not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix: two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types |
| title_sort | not all types of secondary organic aerosol mix two phases observed when mixing different secondary organic aerosol types |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/13783/2022/acp-22-13783-2022.pdf |
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