Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review
Abstract Background Indigenous populations across the world are more likely to suffer from poor health outcomes when compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Although these disparities have many sources, one protective factor that has become increasingly apparent is the continued use and/or revit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | International Journal for Equity in Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01782-6 |
| _version_ | 1811207925185642496 |
|---|---|
| author | D. H. Whalen Melissa E. Lewis Stefanie Gillson Brittany McBeath Bri Alexander Kate Nyhan |
| author_facet | D. H. Whalen Melissa E. Lewis Stefanie Gillson Brittany McBeath Bri Alexander Kate Nyhan |
| author_sort | D. H. Whalen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Indigenous populations across the world are more likely to suffer from poor health outcomes when compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Although these disparities have many sources, one protective factor that has become increasingly apparent is the continued use and/or revitalization of traditional Indigenous lifeways: Indigenous language in particular. This realist review is aimed at bringing together the literature that addresses effects of language use and revitalization on mental and physical health. Methods Purposive bibliographic searches on Scopus were conducted to identify relevant publications, further augmented by forward citation chaining. Included publications (qualitative and quantitative) described health outcomes for groups of Indigenous people who either did or did not learn and/or use their ancestral language. The geographical area studied was restricted to the Americas, Australia or New Zealand. Publications that were not written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German were excluded. A realist approach was followed to identify positive, neutral or negative effects of language use and/or acquisition on health, with both qualitative and quantitative measures considered. Results The bibliographic search yielded a total of 3508 possible publications of which 130 publications were included in the realist analysis. The largest proportion of the outcomes addressed in the studies (62.1%) reported positive effects. Neutral outcomes accounted for 16.6% of the reported effects. Negative effects (21.4%) were often qualified by such issues as possible cultural use of tobacco, testing educational outcomes in a student’s second language, and correlation with socioeconomic status (SES), health access, or social determinants of health; it is of note that the positive correlations with language use just as frequently occurred with these issues as the negative correlations did. Conclusions Language use and revitalization emerge as protective factors in the health of Indigenous populations. Benefits of language programs in tribal and other settings should be considered a cost-effective way of improving outcomes in multiple domains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:13:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92403c1147454903b1eab6e2c3c2ea43 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-9276 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:13:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal for Equity in Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-92403c1147454903b1eab6e2c3c2ea432022-12-22T03:48:27ZengBMCInternational Journal for Equity in Health1475-92762022-11-0121111410.1186/s12939-022-01782-6Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist reviewD. H. Whalen0Melissa E. Lewis1Stefanie Gillson2Brittany McBeath3Bri Alexander4Kate Nyhan5Endangered Language FundDepartment of Family & Community Medicine, University of Missouri School of MedicineYale Child Study CenterSchool of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s UniversityProgram in AnthropologyCushing/Whitney Medical LibraryAbstract Background Indigenous populations across the world are more likely to suffer from poor health outcomes when compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Although these disparities have many sources, one protective factor that has become increasingly apparent is the continued use and/or revitalization of traditional Indigenous lifeways: Indigenous language in particular. This realist review is aimed at bringing together the literature that addresses effects of language use and revitalization on mental and physical health. Methods Purposive bibliographic searches on Scopus were conducted to identify relevant publications, further augmented by forward citation chaining. Included publications (qualitative and quantitative) described health outcomes for groups of Indigenous people who either did or did not learn and/or use their ancestral language. The geographical area studied was restricted to the Americas, Australia or New Zealand. Publications that were not written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German were excluded. A realist approach was followed to identify positive, neutral or negative effects of language use and/or acquisition on health, with both qualitative and quantitative measures considered. Results The bibliographic search yielded a total of 3508 possible publications of which 130 publications were included in the realist analysis. The largest proportion of the outcomes addressed in the studies (62.1%) reported positive effects. Neutral outcomes accounted for 16.6% of the reported effects. Negative effects (21.4%) were often qualified by such issues as possible cultural use of tobacco, testing educational outcomes in a student’s second language, and correlation with socioeconomic status (SES), health access, or social determinants of health; it is of note that the positive correlations with language use just as frequently occurred with these issues as the negative correlations did. Conclusions Language use and revitalization emerge as protective factors in the health of Indigenous populations. Benefits of language programs in tribal and other settings should be considered a cost-effective way of improving outcomes in multiple domains.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01782-6Language useLanguage revitalizationHealthIndigenousRealist review |
| spellingShingle | D. H. Whalen Melissa E. Lewis Stefanie Gillson Brittany McBeath Bri Alexander Kate Nyhan Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review International Journal for Equity in Health Language use Language revitalization Health Indigenous Realist review |
| title | Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review |
| title_full | Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review |
| title_fullStr | Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review |
| title_short | Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review |
| title_sort | health effects of indigenous language use and revitalization a realist review |
| topic | Language use Language revitalization Health Indigenous Realist review |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01782-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dhwhalen healtheffectsofindigenouslanguageuseandrevitalizationarealistreview AT melissaelewis healtheffectsofindigenouslanguageuseandrevitalizationarealistreview AT stefaniegillson healtheffectsofindigenouslanguageuseandrevitalizationarealistreview AT brittanymcbeath healtheffectsofindigenouslanguageuseandrevitalizationarealistreview AT brialexander healtheffectsofindigenouslanguageuseandrevitalizationarealistreview AT katenyhan healtheffectsofindigenouslanguageuseandrevitalizationarealistreview |