An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light Curves
Many stars show activity cycles like the Sun. Kepler has gathered ∼200,000 light curves. Most of the Kepler stars only have long-cadence light curves, which limits their applicable methods. Some metrics, for example <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/9/488 |
| _version_ | 1797481704824242176 |
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| author | Yu-Fu Shen Gang Zhao Sarah A. Bird |
| author_facet | Yu-Fu Shen Gang Zhao Sarah A. Bird |
| author_sort | Yu-Fu Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many stars show activity cycles like the Sun. Kepler has gathered ∼200,000 light curves. Most of the Kepler stars only have long-cadence light curves, which limits their applicable methods. Some metrics, for example <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, are effective for long-cadence light curves but require rotation periods. In order to improve the utilization of Kepler light curves, we introduce and use the smoothness metric. The smoothness metric is able to analyze stars without a measured rotation period and is applicable for long-cadence light curves. We test and validate our metric, resulting in the detection of the 11 years solar cycle and a 457 days cycle for our prototype star KIC 9017220. We analyze 92,084 Kepler long-cadence light curves, and as our main results, we detect 4455 magnetic activity cycle candidates, but about 20 percent are false cycles and 50 percent are lower limits of the real cycles, and we analyze their causes in detail. As an investigation into the performance of our method, we simulate disturbance factors and prove that the <i>p</i>-value test is invalid under certain circumstances. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:18:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92435349bc634488a7756fe7fea2c056 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:18:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-92435349bc634488a7756fe7fea2c0562023-11-23T19:19:21ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972022-09-018948810.3390/universe8090488An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light CurvesYu-Fu Shen0Gang Zhao1Sarah A. Bird2CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaMany stars show activity cycles like the Sun. Kepler has gathered ∼200,000 light curves. Most of the Kepler stars only have long-cadence light curves, which limits their applicable methods. Some metrics, for example <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, are effective for long-cadence light curves but require rotation periods. In order to improve the utilization of Kepler light curves, we introduce and use the smoothness metric. The smoothness metric is able to analyze stars without a measured rotation period and is applicable for long-cadence light curves. We test and validate our metric, resulting in the detection of the 11 years solar cycle and a 457 days cycle for our prototype star KIC 9017220. We analyze 92,084 Kepler long-cadence light curves, and as our main results, we detect 4455 magnetic activity cycle candidates, but about 20 percent are false cycles and 50 percent are lower limits of the real cycles, and we analyze their causes in detail. As an investigation into the performance of our method, we simulate disturbance factors and prove that the <i>p</i>-value test is invalid under certain circumstances.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/9/488activity-starsdata analysisstatisticsphotometric |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Fu Shen Gang Zhao Sarah A. Bird An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light Curves Universe activity-stars data analysis statistics photometric |
| title | An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light Curves |
| title_full | An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light Curves |
| title_fullStr | An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light Curves |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light Curves |
| title_short | An Attempt to Construct an Activity Cycle Catalog with Kepler Long-Cadence Light Curves |
| title_sort | attempt to construct an activity cycle catalog with kepler long cadence light curves |
| topic | activity-stars data analysis statistics photometric |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/9/488 |
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