Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions
Abstract Background The present means of confirming the cure of intra-operative polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement are to wait for the remainder cement to harden. To our knowledge, there is no available technique to determine the precise moment of cure for in-vivo cement beneath the tibial tray....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02790-y |
| _version_ | 1828747330861400064 |
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| author | Daniel A. Funk Quang-Viet Nguyen Michael Swank |
| author_facet | Daniel A. Funk Quang-Viet Nguyen Michael Swank |
| author_sort | Daniel A. Funk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The present means of confirming the cure of intra-operative polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement are to wait for the remainder cement to harden. To our knowledge, there is no available technique to determine the precise moment of cure for in-vivo cement beneath the tibial tray. This study uses a novel means to determine cement curing time in two environments. One environment represents the operating theater, and the other environment attempts to model cement conditions under the tibial tray during surgery. Materials and methods We determined the temperature-versus-time plot of cement curing using the following two temperature sensors: one in a simulated implanted tibial tray and another in the remainder cement. We performed 55 tests using dental methyl methacrylate cement mixed in the same ratio as the orthopedic cement. To simulate in vivo conditions, a simulated stainless-steel tibial tray was implanted on a cancellous bone substitute (Sawbones, Vashon Island, WA, USA) using standard cement technique and subsequently placed in a 90°F (32.2 °C) circulating water bath. We positioned a temperature sensor in the cement mantel and positioned a second sensor in a portion of the remaining cement. The temperature from both sensors was measured simultaneously, beginning at 5 min after mixing and continuing for 20 min. The first derivative of the temperature provided the precise curing time for each condition. We analyzed the results of 55 repeated experiments with an independent samples t-test. Results With the described technique, we were able to accurately determine the moment of cure of the cement beneath the simulated tray. There was a mean difference between cure time of 5 min and 26 s (p value < 0.001) between the two conditions. Conclusions We validated that our technique was successful in determining the precise time to cure in two different environments. Level of evidence This was not a clinical trial and did not involve patients as such the level of evidence was Grade A: Consistent 1 and 2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:41:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9244681132724408a2e32baf344eed57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1749-799X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:41:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9244681132724408a2e32baf344eed572022-12-22T02:11:41ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2021-10-011611710.1186/s13018-021-02790-yPolymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditionsDaniel A. Funk0Quang-Viet Nguyen1Michael Swank2c/o Cincinnati Ortho Research InstituteRFA Systems, LLCc/o Cincinnati Ortho Research InstituteAbstract Background The present means of confirming the cure of intra-operative polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement are to wait for the remainder cement to harden. To our knowledge, there is no available technique to determine the precise moment of cure for in-vivo cement beneath the tibial tray. This study uses a novel means to determine cement curing time in two environments. One environment represents the operating theater, and the other environment attempts to model cement conditions under the tibial tray during surgery. Materials and methods We determined the temperature-versus-time plot of cement curing using the following two temperature sensors: one in a simulated implanted tibial tray and another in the remainder cement. We performed 55 tests using dental methyl methacrylate cement mixed in the same ratio as the orthopedic cement. To simulate in vivo conditions, a simulated stainless-steel tibial tray was implanted on a cancellous bone substitute (Sawbones, Vashon Island, WA, USA) using standard cement technique and subsequently placed in a 90°F (32.2 °C) circulating water bath. We positioned a temperature sensor in the cement mantel and positioned a second sensor in a portion of the remaining cement. The temperature from both sensors was measured simultaneously, beginning at 5 min after mixing and continuing for 20 min. The first derivative of the temperature provided the precise curing time for each condition. We analyzed the results of 55 repeated experiments with an independent samples t-test. Results With the described technique, we were able to accurately determine the moment of cure of the cement beneath the simulated tray. There was a mean difference between cure time of 5 min and 26 s (p value < 0.001) between the two conditions. Conclusions We validated that our technique was successful in determining the precise time to cure in two different environments. Level of evidence This was not a clinical trial and did not involve patients as such the level of evidence was Grade A: Consistent 1 and 2.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02790-yCement temperatureCement cure timeTotal knee arthroplasty cement cureCementing total knee arthroplastyCement temperature sensor |
| spellingShingle | Daniel A. Funk Quang-Viet Nguyen Michael Swank Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Cement temperature Cement cure time Total knee arthroplasty cement cure Cementing total knee arthroplasty Cement temperature sensor |
| title | Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions |
| title_full | Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions |
| title_fullStr | Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions |
| title_short | Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions |
| title_sort | polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions |
| topic | Cement temperature Cement cure time Total knee arthroplasty cement cure Cementing total knee arthroplasty Cement temperature sensor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02790-y |
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