The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology
Pollution-monitoring systems (PMSs) are used worldwide to sense environmental changes, such as air quality conditions or temperature increases, and to monitor compliance with regulations. However, organizations manage the environmental data collected by such PMSs in a centralized manner, which is wh...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2020-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9211499/ |
| _version_ | 1818934554805665792 |
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| author | Markus Lucking Niclas Kannengieber Maurice Kilgus Till Riedel Michael Beigl Ali Sunyaev Wilhelm Stork |
| author_facet | Markus Lucking Niclas Kannengieber Maurice Kilgus Till Riedel Michael Beigl Ali Sunyaev Wilhelm Stork |
| author_sort | Markus Lucking |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pollution-monitoring systems (PMSs) are used worldwide to sense environmental changes, such as air quality conditions or temperature increases, and to monitor compliance with regulations. However, organizations manage the environmental data collected by such PMSs in a centralized manner, which is why recorded environmental data are vulnerable to manipulation. Moreover, the analysis of pollution data often lacks transparency to outsiders, which may lead to wrong decisions regarding environmental regulations. To address these challenges, we propose a software design for PMSs based on distributed ledger technology (DLT) and the long-range (LoRa) protocol for flexible, transparent, and energy-efficient environment monitoring and data management. To design the PMS, we conducted a comprehensive requirements analysis for PMSs. We benchmarked different consensus mechanisms (e.g., BFT-SMaRt and Raft) and digital signature schemes (e.g., ECDSA and EdDSA) to adequately design the PMS and fulfill the identified requirements. On this basis, we designed and implemented a prototype PMS and evaluated it in the field. The evaluation shows the effectiveness of DLT-based PMSs that include portable low-energy sensor nodes and demonstrates the applicability of the proposed software design for PMSs in contexts other than air pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:06:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92551e838cb2410581c0487ec66f858f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:06:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-92551e838cb2410581c0487ec66f858f2022-12-21T19:52:23ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362020-01-01818936518938110.1109/ACCESS.2020.30284309211499The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger TechnologyMarkus Lucking0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7387-5874Niclas Kannengieber1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-3361Maurice Kilgus2Till Riedel3Michael Beigl4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-2327Ali Sunyaev5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4353-8519Wilhelm Stork6Research Division for Embedded Systems and Sensors, FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyResearch Division for Embedded Systems and Sensors, FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyChair for Pervasive Computing Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyChair for Pervasive Computing Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyPollution-monitoring systems (PMSs) are used worldwide to sense environmental changes, such as air quality conditions or temperature increases, and to monitor compliance with regulations. However, organizations manage the environmental data collected by such PMSs in a centralized manner, which is why recorded environmental data are vulnerable to manipulation. Moreover, the analysis of pollution data often lacks transparency to outsiders, which may lead to wrong decisions regarding environmental regulations. To address these challenges, we propose a software design for PMSs based on distributed ledger technology (DLT) and the long-range (LoRa) protocol for flexible, transparent, and energy-efficient environment monitoring and data management. To design the PMS, we conducted a comprehensive requirements analysis for PMSs. We benchmarked different consensus mechanisms (e.g., BFT-SMaRt and Raft) and digital signature schemes (e.g., ECDSA and EdDSA) to adequately design the PMS and fulfill the identified requirements. On this basis, we designed and implemented a prototype PMS and evaluated it in the field. The evaluation shows the effectiveness of DLT-based PMSs that include portable low-energy sensor nodes and demonstrates the applicability of the proposed software design for PMSs in contexts other than air pollution.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9211499/Blockchaindistributed ledger technology (DLT)Internet of Things (IoT)LoRalow-energy sensorspollution monitoring systems |
| spellingShingle | Markus Lucking Niclas Kannengieber Maurice Kilgus Till Riedel Michael Beigl Ali Sunyaev Wilhelm Stork The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology IEEE Access Blockchain distributed ledger technology (DLT) Internet of Things (IoT) LoRa low-energy sensors pollution monitoring systems |
| title | The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology |
| title_full | The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology |
| title_fullStr | The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology |
| title_short | The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology |
| title_sort | merits of a decentralized pollution monitoring system based on distributed ledger technology |
| topic | Blockchain distributed ledger technology (DLT) Internet of Things (IoT) LoRa low-energy sensors pollution monitoring systems |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9211499/ |
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