The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens
Ammonia (NH3) is a known harmful gas and exists in haze, forming secondary organic aerosols. Exposure to ambient ammonia correlates with the respiratory tract infection, and microbiota in the upper respiratory tract is an emerging crucial player in the homeostatic regulation of respiratory tract inf...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120308762 |
| _version_ | 1819296156383969280 |
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| author | Ying Zhou Minhong Zhang Qingxiu Liu Jinghai Feng |
| author_facet | Ying Zhou Minhong Zhang Qingxiu Liu Jinghai Feng |
| author_sort | Ying Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ammonia (NH3) is a known harmful gas and exists in haze, forming secondary organic aerosols. Exposure to ambient ammonia correlates with the respiratory tract infection, and microbiota in the upper respiratory tract is an emerging crucial player in the homeostatic regulation of respiratory tract infection, and microbiota perturbation is usually accompanied by the inflammatory reactions; however, the effects of different levels of ammonia exposure on tracheal microbiota and inflammation are unclear. A total of 288 22-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were chosen and divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 12 chickens, and respectively exposed to ammonia at 0, 15, 25, and 35 ppm for 21-d trial period. Cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in the trachea were measured at the 21 d of exposure to NH3. Tracheal microbiota at the 21 d was analyzed by the 16S rRNA gene analysis. The results showed that an increase in ammonia levels, even in 15 ppm, significantly decreased the alpha diversity and changed the bacterial community structure. Six genera (Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus]_torques_group, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Streptococcus, Blautia) significantly increased, whereas Lactobacillus significantly decreased under different levels of ammonia exposure. We also observed positive associations of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus]_torques_group abundances with tracheal IL-1β concentration. Moreover, an increase in ammonia levels, even in 15 ppm, caused respiratory tract inflammatory injury. The results indicated that 15 ppm ammonia exposure changed the composition of tracheal microbiota that caused the tracheal injury possibly through increasing the IL-1β, which might make the broiler more sensitive to the changes of environment and pathogenic micro-organisms in the poultry house, and may be also a critical value that needs high alertness. Herein, the present experiment also suggested that the standard limit of ammonia concentration in adult poultry house is 15 ppm. This research provides an insight into the relationship between the upper respiratory tract microbiota and inflammation under ammonia exposure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:53:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92624becced9443d8861342f4ffcc70f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:53:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-92624becced9443d8861342f4ffcc70f2022-12-21T17:14:27ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912021-02-011002685696The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickensYing Zhou0Minhong Zhang1Qingxiu Liu2Jinghai Feng3Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, ChinaCorresponding author:; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, ChinaAmmonia (NH3) is a known harmful gas and exists in haze, forming secondary organic aerosols. Exposure to ambient ammonia correlates with the respiratory tract infection, and microbiota in the upper respiratory tract is an emerging crucial player in the homeostatic regulation of respiratory tract infection, and microbiota perturbation is usually accompanied by the inflammatory reactions; however, the effects of different levels of ammonia exposure on tracheal microbiota and inflammation are unclear. A total of 288 22-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were chosen and divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 12 chickens, and respectively exposed to ammonia at 0, 15, 25, and 35 ppm for 21-d trial period. Cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in the trachea were measured at the 21 d of exposure to NH3. Tracheal microbiota at the 21 d was analyzed by the 16S rRNA gene analysis. The results showed that an increase in ammonia levels, even in 15 ppm, significantly decreased the alpha diversity and changed the bacterial community structure. Six genera (Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus]_torques_group, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Streptococcus, Blautia) significantly increased, whereas Lactobacillus significantly decreased under different levels of ammonia exposure. We also observed positive associations of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus]_torques_group abundances with tracheal IL-1β concentration. Moreover, an increase in ammonia levels, even in 15 ppm, caused respiratory tract inflammatory injury. The results indicated that 15 ppm ammonia exposure changed the composition of tracheal microbiota that caused the tracheal injury possibly through increasing the IL-1β, which might make the broiler more sensitive to the changes of environment and pathogenic micro-organisms in the poultry house, and may be also a critical value that needs high alertness. Herein, the present experiment also suggested that the standard limit of ammonia concentration in adult poultry house is 15 ppm. This research provides an insight into the relationship between the upper respiratory tract microbiota and inflammation under ammonia exposure.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120308762broilerammonia exposuretracheal microbiotainflammatory responseanti-inflammatory response |
| spellingShingle | Ying Zhou Minhong Zhang Qingxiu Liu Jinghai Feng The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens Poultry Science broiler ammonia exposure tracheal microbiota inflammatory response anti-inflammatory response |
| title | The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens |
| title_full | The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens |
| title_fullStr | The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens |
| title_short | The alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens |
| title_sort | alterations of tracheal microbiota and inflammation caused by different levels of ammonia exposure in broiler chickens |
| topic | broiler ammonia exposure tracheal microbiota inflammatory response anti-inflammatory response |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120308762 |
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