Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency
Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) has staminate (male), androgynous (hermaphrodite), and intermediate flower types. Floral characterization is difficult for breeding efficiency across many pomegranate genotypes in Pakistan, which is essential for pomegranate cultivar enhancements. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/1/165 |
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| author | Sufian Ikram Waqar Shafqat Sami Ur Rehman Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi Safeer ud Din Salman Ikram Muhammad Nafees Muhammad Jafar Jaskani |
| author_facet | Sufian Ikram Waqar Shafqat Sami Ur Rehman Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi Safeer ud Din Salman Ikram Muhammad Nafees Muhammad Jafar Jaskani |
| author_sort | Sufian Ikram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) has staminate (male), androgynous (hermaphrodite), and intermediate flower types. Floral characterization is difficult for breeding efficiency across many pomegranate genotypes in Pakistan, which is essential for pomegranate cultivar enhancements. The present research focused on the floral characterization and breeding efficiency of fifteen pomegranate genotypes. Flower sex ratio, floral morphological parameters, i.e., flower length, ovary width, flower notch, flower tip and stigma with style length, and fruit set percentage were examined during the experiment. In terms of sex ratio, male flowers were found to be higher among all genotypes. Due to clear differences in flower length, width, and heterostyly facilitating visual identification of the hermaphrodite flowers, genotype Ternab-2, Kandhari White, and Kandhari Red had higher fruit set (≥70%) among all cross combinations attempted. Genotype Sava had higher flower length and heterostyly of hermaphrodite flower type, but ovary width was not very distinct, leading to average crossing success (85–34%). In conclusion, single or combination of morphological characters can be used for accurate identification of hermaphrodite flowers, which can improve hybrid efficiency and fruit set after artificial cross-pollination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:27:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-926269c3fae6474cafac501de3e0e449 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:27:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-926269c3fae6474cafac501de3e0e4492023-12-03T15:00:41ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-12-0112116510.3390/plants12010165Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization EfficiencySufian Ikram0Waqar Shafqat1Sami Ur Rehman2Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi3Safeer ud Din4Salman Ikram5Muhammad Nafees6Muhammad Jafar Jaskani7Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanIndian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USAInstitute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanInstitute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanInstitute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanPomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) has staminate (male), androgynous (hermaphrodite), and intermediate flower types. Floral characterization is difficult for breeding efficiency across many pomegranate genotypes in Pakistan, which is essential for pomegranate cultivar enhancements. The present research focused on the floral characterization and breeding efficiency of fifteen pomegranate genotypes. Flower sex ratio, floral morphological parameters, i.e., flower length, ovary width, flower notch, flower tip and stigma with style length, and fruit set percentage were examined during the experiment. In terms of sex ratio, male flowers were found to be higher among all genotypes. Due to clear differences in flower length, width, and heterostyly facilitating visual identification of the hermaphrodite flowers, genotype Ternab-2, Kandhari White, and Kandhari Red had higher fruit set (≥70%) among all cross combinations attempted. Genotype Sava had higher flower length and heterostyly of hermaphrodite flower type, but ovary width was not very distinct, leading to average crossing success (85–34%). In conclusion, single or combination of morphological characters can be used for accurate identification of hermaphrodite flowers, which can improve hybrid efficiency and fruit set after artificial cross-pollination.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/1/165fruit breedingflower sexpollinationfertilizationconventional breeding |
| spellingShingle | Sufian Ikram Waqar Shafqat Sami Ur Rehman Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi Safeer ud Din Salman Ikram Muhammad Nafees Muhammad Jafar Jaskani Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency Plants fruit breeding flower sex pollination fertilization conventional breeding |
| title | Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency |
| title_full | Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency |
| title_fullStr | Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency |
| title_short | Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency |
| title_sort | floral characterization of pomegranate genotypes to improve hybridization efficiency |
| topic | fruit breeding flower sex pollination fertilization conventional breeding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/1/165 |
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