Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures
Herein, we give an overview of several less explored structural and optical characterization techniques useful for biomaterials. New insights into the structure of natural fibers such as spider silk can be gained with minimal sample preparation. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) over a broad range of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/12/1894 |
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| author | Denver Linklater Arturas Vailionis Meguya Ryu Shuji Kamegaki Junko Morikawa Haoran Mu Daniel Smith Pegah Maasoumi Rohan Ford Tomas Katkus Sean Blamires Toshiaki Kondo Yoshiaki Nishijima Daniel Moraru Michael Shribak Andrea O’Connor Elena P. Ivanova Soon Hock Ng Hideki Masuda Saulius Juodkazis |
| author_facet | Denver Linklater Arturas Vailionis Meguya Ryu Shuji Kamegaki Junko Morikawa Haoran Mu Daniel Smith Pegah Maasoumi Rohan Ford Tomas Katkus Sean Blamires Toshiaki Kondo Yoshiaki Nishijima Daniel Moraru Michael Shribak Andrea O’Connor Elena P. Ivanova Soon Hock Ng Hideki Masuda Saulius Juodkazis |
| author_sort | Denver Linklater |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein, we give an overview of several less explored structural and optical characterization techniques useful for biomaterials. New insights into the structure of natural fibers such as spider silk can be gained with minimal sample preparation. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) over a broad range of wavelengths (from X-ray to THz) provides information of the structure of the material at correspondingly different length scales (nm-to-mm). When the sample features, such as the alignment of certain fibers, cannot be characterized optically, polarization analysis of the optical images can provide further information on feature alignment. The 3D complexity of biological samples necessitates that there be feature measurements and characterization over a large range of length scales. We discuss the issue of characterizing complex shapes by analysis of the link between the color and structure of spider scales and silk. For example, it is shown that the green-blue color of a spider scale is dominated by the chitin slab’s Fabry–Pérot-type reflectivity rather than the surface nanostructure. The use of a chromaticity plot simplifies complex spectra and enables quantification of the apparent colors. All the experimental data presented herein are used to support the discussion on the structure–color link in the characterization of materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:05:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9264bcebe8ef454e9e97989a026ce558 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:05:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-9264bcebe8ef454e9e97989a026ce5582023-11-18T11:54:22ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-06-011312189410.3390/nano13121894Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological StructuresDenver Linklater0Arturas Vailionis1Meguya Ryu2Shuji Kamegaki3Junko Morikawa4Haoran Mu5Daniel Smith6Pegah Maasoumi7Rohan Ford8Tomas Katkus9Sean Blamires10Toshiaki Kondo11Yoshiaki Nishijima12Daniel Moraru13Michael Shribak14Andrea O’Connor15Elena P. Ivanova16Soon Hock Ng17Hideki Masuda18Saulius Juodkazis19Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC 3010, AustraliaStanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4088, USANational Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8563, JapanCREST-JST and School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, JapanCREST-JST and School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, JapanOptical Sciences Centre (OSC), ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaOptical Sciences Centre (OSC), ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaOptical Sciences Centre (OSC), ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaOptical Sciences Centre (OSC), ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaOptical Sciences Centre (OSC), ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaMark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Aichi University of Technology, Gamagori 443-0047, JapanDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, JapanResearch Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Hamamatsu 432-8011, JapanMarine Biological Laboratory, University of Chicago, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC 3010, AustraliaCollege of STEM, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, AustraliaOptical Sciences Centre (OSC), ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, JapanWRH Program International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, JapanHerein, we give an overview of several less explored structural and optical characterization techniques useful for biomaterials. New insights into the structure of natural fibers such as spider silk can be gained with minimal sample preparation. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) over a broad range of wavelengths (from X-ray to THz) provides information of the structure of the material at correspondingly different length scales (nm-to-mm). When the sample features, such as the alignment of certain fibers, cannot be characterized optically, polarization analysis of the optical images can provide further information on feature alignment. The 3D complexity of biological samples necessitates that there be feature measurements and characterization over a large range of length scales. We discuss the issue of characterizing complex shapes by analysis of the link between the color and structure of spider scales and silk. For example, it is shown that the green-blue color of a spider scale is dominated by the chitin slab’s Fabry–Pérot-type reflectivity rather than the surface nanostructure. The use of a chromaticity plot simplifies complex spectra and enables quantification of the apparent colors. All the experimental data presented herein are used to support the discussion on the structure–color link in the characterization of materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/12/1894anisotropypolarization analysisStokes parameterspolarimetry |
| spellingShingle | Denver Linklater Arturas Vailionis Meguya Ryu Shuji Kamegaki Junko Morikawa Haoran Mu Daniel Smith Pegah Maasoumi Rohan Ford Tomas Katkus Sean Blamires Toshiaki Kondo Yoshiaki Nishijima Daniel Moraru Michael Shribak Andrea O’Connor Elena P. Ivanova Soon Hock Ng Hideki Masuda Saulius Juodkazis Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures Nanomaterials anisotropy polarization analysis Stokes parameters polarimetry |
| title | Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures |
| title_full | Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures |
| title_fullStr | Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures |
| title_short | Structure and Optical Anisotropy of Spider Scales and Silk: The Use of Chromaticity and Azimuth Colors to Optically Characterize Complex Biological Structures |
| title_sort | structure and optical anisotropy of spider scales and silk the use of chromaticity and azimuth colors to optically characterize complex biological structures |
| topic | anisotropy polarization analysis Stokes parameters polarimetry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/12/1894 |
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