Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker
The study investigated the interactions of coated-gold engineered nanoparticles (nAu) with the aquatic higher plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker in 2,7, and 14 d. Herein, the nAu concentration of 1000 µg/L was used; as in lower concentrations, analytical limitations persisted but >100...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/12/3178 |
| _version_ | 1797502060457885696 |
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| author | Ntombikayise Mahaye Melusi Thwala Ndeke Musee |
| author_facet | Ntombikayise Mahaye Melusi Thwala Ndeke Musee |
| author_sort | Ntombikayise Mahaye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study investigated the interactions of coated-gold engineered nanoparticles (nAu) with the aquatic higher plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker in 2,7, and 14 d. Herein, the nAu concentration of 1000 µg/L was used; as in lower concentrations, analytical limitations persisted but >1000 µg/L were deemed too high and unlikely to be present in the environment. Exposure of <i>S. minima</i> to 1000 µg/L of citrate (cit)- and branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI)-coated nAu (5, 20, and 40 nm) in 10% Hoagland’s medium (10 HM) had marginal effect on biomass and growth rate irrespective of nAu size, coating type, or exposure duration. Further, results demonstrated that nAu were adsorbed on the plants’ roots irrespective of their size or coating variant; however, no evidence of internalization was apparent, and this was attributed to high agglomeration of nAu in 10 HM. Hence, adsorption was concluded as the basic mechanism of nAu accumulation by <i>S. minima</i>. Overall, the long-term exposure of <i>S. minima</i> to nAu did not inhibit plant biomass and growth rate but agglomerates on plant roots may block cell wall pores, and, in turn, alter uptake of essential macronutrients in plants, thus potentially affecting the overall ecological function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-927564e308b44e6db8c5c51768edb2e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-927564e308b44e6db8c5c51768edb2e22023-11-23T09:48:56ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-11-011112317810.3390/nano11123178Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> BakerNtombikayise Mahaye0Melusi Thwala1Ndeke Musee2Emerging Contaminants Ecological and Risk Assessment (ECERA) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaWater Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South AfricaEmerging Contaminants Ecological and Risk Assessment (ECERA) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaThe study investigated the interactions of coated-gold engineered nanoparticles (nAu) with the aquatic higher plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker in 2,7, and 14 d. Herein, the nAu concentration of 1000 µg/L was used; as in lower concentrations, analytical limitations persisted but >1000 µg/L were deemed too high and unlikely to be present in the environment. Exposure of <i>S. minima</i> to 1000 µg/L of citrate (cit)- and branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI)-coated nAu (5, 20, and 40 nm) in 10% Hoagland’s medium (10 HM) had marginal effect on biomass and growth rate irrespective of nAu size, coating type, or exposure duration. Further, results demonstrated that nAu were adsorbed on the plants’ roots irrespective of their size or coating variant; however, no evidence of internalization was apparent, and this was attributed to high agglomeration of nAu in 10 HM. Hence, adsorption was concluded as the basic mechanism of nAu accumulation by <i>S. minima</i>. Overall, the long-term exposure of <i>S. minima</i> to nAu did not inhibit plant biomass and growth rate but agglomerates on plant roots may block cell wall pores, and, in turn, alter uptake of essential macronutrients in plants, thus potentially affecting the overall ecological function.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/12/3178aquatic higher plants<i>Salvinia minima</i> Bakeradsorptionaccumulationbiomassgold engineered nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Ntombikayise Mahaye Melusi Thwala Ndeke Musee Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker Nanomaterials aquatic higher plants <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker adsorption accumulation biomass gold engineered nanoparticles |
| title | Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker |
| title_full | Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker |
| title_fullStr | Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker |
| title_short | Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher Plant <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker |
| title_sort | interactions of coated gold engineered nanoparticles with aquatic higher plant i salvinia minima i baker |
| topic | aquatic higher plants <i>Salvinia minima</i> Baker adsorption accumulation biomass gold engineered nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/12/3178 |
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