Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield
Farmers are increasing the use of fertilizers in chestnut, the only cash crop produced in the mountainous areas of northeastern Portugal. This calls for more studies to guide them towards a more ecological intensification. The effects of three controlled-release fertilizers, two that release nutrien...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/11/1067 |
| _version_ | 1797465246710890496 |
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| author | Margarida Arrobas Leonardo Bomfim Belotto Juliana Aparecida Marchetti Valdemar Barroso Soraia Raimundo Luís César Cassol Carlos Manuel Correia Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Margarida Arrobas Leonardo Bomfim Belotto Juliana Aparecida Marchetti Valdemar Barroso Soraia Raimundo Luís César Cassol Carlos Manuel Correia Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Margarida Arrobas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Farmers are increasing the use of fertilizers in chestnut, the only cash crop produced in the mountainous areas of northeastern Portugal. This calls for more studies to guide them towards a more ecological intensification. The effects of three controlled-release fertilizers, two that release nutrients over three months (BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m, Exactyon 18:05:13_3m) and one over six months (Exactyon 18:05:12_6m), and an organic amendment authorized for organic farming (Humix 12:03:05) were compared with an untreated control during a three-year field trial (2019–2021). BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m, Exactyon 18:05:13_3m and Humix 12:03:05 gave significantly higher nut yields (90.6 to 97.0 kg tree<sup>−1</sup>, average 2019 + 2021) than Exactyon 18:05:12_6m (66.3 kg tree<sup>−1</sup>) and the control (69.5 kg tree<sup>−1</sup>). Leaf concentrations of nitrogen and potassium tended to be higher in the BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m and Exactyon 18:05:13_3m treatments, and they were stated as the most important causes in the establishment of the two productive groups. Humix 12:03:05, although less concentrated in nutrients, led to a chestnut yield at the level of the most productive treatments, possibly due to the multiple positive effects of organic matter on soil and plants. Under the conditions of this experiment, where rainfall is low in the summer, fertilizers whose nutrient release takes a long time, such as Exactyon 18:05:12_6m, seem not to be a good fertilization option due to reduced nutrient uptake and increased levels of soil inorganic nitrogen at the end of the growing season. Humix 12:03:05 emerged as a possible solution for organic producers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:18:49Z |
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| id | doaj.art-927e1ed76d4048c2be9e00f4170b6cd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:18:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-927e1ed76d4048c2be9e00f4170b6cd12023-11-24T08:29:08ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-11-01811106710.3390/horticulturae8111067Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut YieldMargarida Arrobas0Leonardo Bomfim Belotto1Juliana Aparecida Marchetti2Valdemar Barroso3Soraia Raimundo4Luís César Cassol5Carlos Manuel Correia6Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues7Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalDepartamento Acadêmico de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná/Campus, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, BrazilDepartamento Acadêmico de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná/Campus, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, BrazilAtlanlusi Europe, Lda., Rua de Leiria, Casal Mil Homens, 2440-231 Batalha, PortugalCentro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalDepartamento Acadêmico de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná/Campus, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, BrazilCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, PortugalCentro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalFarmers are increasing the use of fertilizers in chestnut, the only cash crop produced in the mountainous areas of northeastern Portugal. This calls for more studies to guide them towards a more ecological intensification. The effects of three controlled-release fertilizers, two that release nutrients over three months (BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m, Exactyon 18:05:13_3m) and one over six months (Exactyon 18:05:12_6m), and an organic amendment authorized for organic farming (Humix 12:03:05) were compared with an untreated control during a three-year field trial (2019–2021). BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m, Exactyon 18:05:13_3m and Humix 12:03:05 gave significantly higher nut yields (90.6 to 97.0 kg tree<sup>−1</sup>, average 2019 + 2021) than Exactyon 18:05:12_6m (66.3 kg tree<sup>−1</sup>) and the control (69.5 kg tree<sup>−1</sup>). Leaf concentrations of nitrogen and potassium tended to be higher in the BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m and Exactyon 18:05:13_3m treatments, and they were stated as the most important causes in the establishment of the two productive groups. Humix 12:03:05, although less concentrated in nutrients, led to a chestnut yield at the level of the most productive treatments, possibly due to the multiple positive effects of organic matter on soil and plants. Under the conditions of this experiment, where rainfall is low in the summer, fertilizers whose nutrient release takes a long time, such as Exactyon 18:05:12_6m, seem not to be a good fertilization option due to reduced nutrient uptake and increased levels of soil inorganic nitrogen at the end of the growing season. Humix 12:03:05 emerged as a possible solution for organic producers.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/11/1067<i>Castanea sativa</i>soil fertilizationorganic farmingplant nutritional statussoil inorganic nitrogen |
| spellingShingle | Margarida Arrobas Leonardo Bomfim Belotto Juliana Aparecida Marchetti Valdemar Barroso Soraia Raimundo Luís César Cassol Carlos Manuel Correia Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield Horticulturae <i>Castanea sativa</i> soil fertilization organic farming plant nutritional status soil inorganic nitrogen |
| title | Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield |
| title_full | Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield |
| title_fullStr | Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield |
| title_full_unstemmed | Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield |
| title_short | Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield |
| title_sort | excessive delay in nutrient release by controlled release fertilizers can reduce chestnut yield |
| topic | <i>Castanea sativa</i> soil fertilization organic farming plant nutritional status soil inorganic nitrogen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/11/1067 |
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