Evidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein Family
In this study, we functionally analyzed the gene family encoding necrosis- and ethylene-inducing-like proteins (NLP) of the vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. We show that the composition of the NLP gene family varies little among V. dahliae isolates. The cytotoxic activity of NLP family m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2013-03-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-09-12-0222-R |
| _version_ | 1811278122626056192 |
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| author | Parthasarathy Santhanam H. Peter van Esse Isabell Albert Luigi Faino Thorsten Nürnberger Bart P. H. J. Thomma |
| author_facet | Parthasarathy Santhanam H. Peter van Esse Isabell Albert Luigi Faino Thorsten Nürnberger Bart P. H. J. Thomma |
| author_sort | Parthasarathy Santhanam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we functionally analyzed the gene family encoding necrosis- and ethylene-inducing-like proteins (NLP) of the vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. We show that the composition of the NLP gene family varies little among V. dahliae isolates. The cytotoxic activity of NLP family members of a tomato-pathogenic V. dahliae strain was determined, demonstrating that only two of the seven NLP induced plant cell death. The genes encoding these cytotoxic NLP were found to be induced in V. dahliae upon colonization of tomato. Interestingly, targeted deletion of either of the two genes in V. dahliae significantly compromised virulence on tomato as well as on Arabidopsis plants, whereas deletion of only one of the two genes affected virulence on Nicotiana benthamiana. This could be attributed to differential induction of the two NLP genes in V. dahliae upon N. benthamiana colonization, revealing that the in planta induction of NLP genes varies between plant hosts. Intriguingly, one of the NLP genes appears to also affect vegetative growth and conidiospore production, because the corresponding deletion strain produced significantly fewer conidiospores and developed extensive aerial mycelium. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the expanded V. dahliae NLP family shows functional diversification, revealing not only differential cytotoxicity between family members but also that the cytotoxic NLP play a role in vegetative growth and asexual reproduction in addition to their contribution to virulence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9284ad80f86147d3b2aec0653df27c84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:01Z |
| publishDate | 2013-03-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-9284ad80f86147d3b2aec0653df27c842022-12-22T03:10:31ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062013-03-0126327828610.1094/MPMI-09-12-0222-REvidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein FamilyParthasarathy SanthanamH. Peter van EsseIsabell AlbertLuigi FainoThorsten NürnbergerBart P. H. J. ThommaIn this study, we functionally analyzed the gene family encoding necrosis- and ethylene-inducing-like proteins (NLP) of the vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. We show that the composition of the NLP gene family varies little among V. dahliae isolates. The cytotoxic activity of NLP family members of a tomato-pathogenic V. dahliae strain was determined, demonstrating that only two of the seven NLP induced plant cell death. The genes encoding these cytotoxic NLP were found to be induced in V. dahliae upon colonization of tomato. Interestingly, targeted deletion of either of the two genes in V. dahliae significantly compromised virulence on tomato as well as on Arabidopsis plants, whereas deletion of only one of the two genes affected virulence on Nicotiana benthamiana. This could be attributed to differential induction of the two NLP genes in V. dahliae upon N. benthamiana colonization, revealing that the in planta induction of NLP genes varies between plant hosts. Intriguingly, one of the NLP genes appears to also affect vegetative growth and conidiospore production, because the corresponding deletion strain produced significantly fewer conidiospores and developed extensive aerial mycelium. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the expanded V. dahliae NLP family shows functional diversification, revealing not only differential cytotoxicity between family members but also that the cytotoxic NLP play a role in vegetative growth and asexual reproduction in addition to their contribution to virulence.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-09-12-0222-R |
| spellingShingle | Parthasarathy Santhanam H. Peter van Esse Isabell Albert Luigi Faino Thorsten Nürnberger Bart P. H. J. Thomma Evidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein Family Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | Evidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein Family |
| title_full | Evidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein Family |
| title_fullStr | Evidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein Family |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein Family |
| title_short | Evidence for Functional Diversification Within a Fungal NEP1-Like Protein Family |
| title_sort | evidence for functional diversification within a fungal nep1 like protein family |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-09-12-0222-R |
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