Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within Subjects
Purpose: To investigate the extent and evolution of hamstring muscle damage caused by an intensive bout of eccentric leg curls (ELCs) by (1) assessing the time course and association of different indirect markers of muscle damage such as changes in the force-generating capacity (FGC), functional mag...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00054/full |
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| author | Gerard Carmona Gerard Carmona Jurdan Mendiguchía Xavier Alomar Josep M. Padullés David Serrano Lexa Nescolarde Gil Rodas Roser Cussó Ramón Balius Joan A. Cadefau Joan A. Cadefau |
| author_facet | Gerard Carmona Gerard Carmona Jurdan Mendiguchía Xavier Alomar Josep M. Padullés David Serrano Lexa Nescolarde Gil Rodas Roser Cussó Ramón Balius Joan A. Cadefau Joan A. Cadefau |
| author_sort | Gerard Carmona |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To investigate the extent and evolution of hamstring muscle damage caused by an intensive bout of eccentric leg curls (ELCs) by (1) assessing the time course and association of different indirect markers of muscle damage such as changes in the force-generating capacity (FGC), functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), and serum muscle enzyme levels and (2) analyzing differences in the degree of hamstring muscle damage between and within subjects (limb-to-limb comparison).Methods: Thirteen male participants performed six sets of 10 repetitions of an ELC with each leg. Before and at regular intervals over 7 days after the exercise, FGC was measured with maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC). Serum enzyme levels, fMRI transverse relaxation time (T2) and perceived muscle soreness were also assessed and compared against the FGC.Results: Two groups of subjects were identified according to the extent of hamstring muscle damage based on decreased FGC and increased serum enzyme levels: high responders (n = 10, severe muscle damage) and moderate responders (n = 3, moderate muscle damage). In the high responders, fMRI T2 analysis revealed that the semitendinosus (ST) muscle suffered severe damage in the three regions measured (proximal, middle, and distal). The biceps femoris short head (BFsh) muscle was also damaged and there were significant differences in the FGC within subjects in the high responders.Conclusion: FGC and serum enzyme levels measured in 10 of the subjects from the sample were consistent with severe muscle damage. However, the results showed a wide range of peak MVC reductions, reflecting different degrees of damage between subjects (high and moderate responders). fMRI analysis confirmed that the ST was the hamstring muscle most damaged by ELCs, with uniform T2 changes across all the measured sections of this muscle. During intensive ELCs, the ST muscle could suffer an anomalous recruitment pattern due to fatigue and damage, placing an excessive load on the BFsh and causing it to perform a synergistic compensation that leads to structural damage. Finally, T2 and MVC values did not correlate for the leg with the smaller FGC decrease in the hamstring muscles, suggesting that long-lasting increases in T2 signals after FGC markers have returned to baseline values might indicate an adaptive process rather than damage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:59:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-92854d62c7bc41579e80aa8d2221ff2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:59:10Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-92854d62c7bc41579e80aa8d2221ff2e2022-12-22T03:36:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-02-01910.3389/fphys.2018.00054315290Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within SubjectsGerard Carmona0Gerard Carmona1Jurdan Mendiguchía2Xavier Alomar3Josep M. Padullés4David Serrano5Lexa Nescolarde6Gil Rodas7Roser Cussó8Ramón Balius9Joan A. Cadefau10Joan A. Cadefau11Escola Superior de Ciències de la Salut, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, SpainInstitut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Zentrum Rehab and Performance Center, Barañain, SpainDepartment of Radiology, Clínica Creu Blanca, Barcelona, SpainInstitut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Electronic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainFutbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartament de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainConsell Català de l'Esport, Barcelona, SpainInstitut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartament de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainPurpose: To investigate the extent and evolution of hamstring muscle damage caused by an intensive bout of eccentric leg curls (ELCs) by (1) assessing the time course and association of different indirect markers of muscle damage such as changes in the force-generating capacity (FGC), functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), and serum muscle enzyme levels and (2) analyzing differences in the degree of hamstring muscle damage between and within subjects (limb-to-limb comparison).Methods: Thirteen male participants performed six sets of 10 repetitions of an ELC with each leg. Before and at regular intervals over 7 days after the exercise, FGC was measured with maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC). Serum enzyme levels, fMRI transverse relaxation time (T2) and perceived muscle soreness were also assessed and compared against the FGC.Results: Two groups of subjects were identified according to the extent of hamstring muscle damage based on decreased FGC and increased serum enzyme levels: high responders (n = 10, severe muscle damage) and moderate responders (n = 3, moderate muscle damage). In the high responders, fMRI T2 analysis revealed that the semitendinosus (ST) muscle suffered severe damage in the three regions measured (proximal, middle, and distal). The biceps femoris short head (BFsh) muscle was also damaged and there were significant differences in the FGC within subjects in the high responders.Conclusion: FGC and serum enzyme levels measured in 10 of the subjects from the sample were consistent with severe muscle damage. However, the results showed a wide range of peak MVC reductions, reflecting different degrees of damage between subjects (high and moderate responders). fMRI analysis confirmed that the ST was the hamstring muscle most damaged by ELCs, with uniform T2 changes across all the measured sections of this muscle. During intensive ELCs, the ST muscle could suffer an anomalous recruitment pattern due to fatigue and damage, placing an excessive load on the BFsh and causing it to perform a synergistic compensation that leads to structural damage. Finally, T2 and MVC values did not correlate for the leg with the smaller FGC decrease in the hamstring muscles, suggesting that long-lasting increases in T2 signals after FGC markers have returned to baseline values might indicate an adaptive process rather than damage.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00054/fullhamstring musclessevere exercise-induced muscle damagehigh respondersforce-generating capacitymagnetic resonance imagingcreatine kinase |
| spellingShingle | Gerard Carmona Gerard Carmona Jurdan Mendiguchía Xavier Alomar Josep M. Padullés David Serrano Lexa Nescolarde Gil Rodas Roser Cussó Ramón Balius Joan A. Cadefau Joan A. Cadefau Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within Subjects Frontiers in Physiology hamstring muscles severe exercise-induced muscle damage high responders force-generating capacity magnetic resonance imaging creatine kinase |
| title | Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within Subjects |
| title_full | Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within Subjects |
| title_fullStr | Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within Subjects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within Subjects |
| title_short | Time Course and Association of Functional and Biochemical Markers in Severe Semitendinosus Damage Following Intensive Eccentric Leg Curls: Differences between and within Subjects |
| title_sort | time course and association of functional and biochemical markers in severe semitendinosus damage following intensive eccentric leg curls differences between and within subjects |
| topic | hamstring muscles severe exercise-induced muscle damage high responders force-generating capacity magnetic resonance imaging creatine kinase |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00054/full |
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