Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots
Acid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental problem that frequently occurs in Southern China with sulfuric acid rain (SAR) as the main type. SAR can negatively affect the growth and physiological properties of trees, but mycorrhizal associations may mitigate such detrimental effects. How...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| author | Lina Xia Changliang Shao Naili Zhang Aiping Wu Jiangbo Xie Yajing Qiu Xiaobin He Jia Pei Xudong Wang Yanhong Wang |
| author_facet | Lina Xia Changliang Shao Naili Zhang Aiping Wu Jiangbo Xie Yajing Qiu Xiaobin He Jia Pei Xudong Wang Yanhong Wang |
| author_sort | Lina Xia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental problem that frequently occurs in Southern China with sulfuric acid rain (SAR) as the main type. SAR can negatively affect the growth and physiological properties of trees, but mycorrhizal associations may mitigate such detrimental effects. However, the mechanisms by which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi control SAR-induced impacts on <i>Torreya grandis</i> plants remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted on <i>T. grandis</i> seedlings, an economically important tree species in Southern China, in which inoculated and non-inoculated <i>T. grandis</i> seedlings were subjected to three simulated SAR regimes (pH of 5.6, 4.0, and 2.5, respectively) to examine the effects on the growth, osmotic regulation, and nutrient absorption of these seedlings. The results show that, although SAR had no effect on the accumulation of biomass, it significantly decreased the concentrations of proline and soluble protein, shoot Zn<sup>2+</sup>, P, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations, and the Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations of shoots and roots. Mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, significantly increased total biomass, proline concentration, and the Zn<sup>2+</sup>, P, and K<sup>+</sup> concentrations in the shoots of <i>T. grandis</i> under lower pH conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that the combination of root colonization, acid tolerance, and the concentrations of shoot-P, shoot-Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and root-Fe<sup>2+</sup> of <i>T. grandis</i> jointly conferred mycorrhizal benefits on the plants under SAR conditions. Given the enhancement of the nutritional quality of <i>T. grandis</i> owing to mycorrhizal associations, inoculation with <i>R. irregularis</i> may be preferable for the culturing and management of these plants under acidic conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:19:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9288727019274963b8f67a19e9eafa79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:19:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-9288727019274963b8f67a19e9eafa792023-11-21T15:37:26ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-04-017429610.3390/jof7040296Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in ShootsLina Xia0Changliang Shao1Naili Zhang2Aiping Wu3Jiangbo Xie4Yajing Qiu5Xiaobin He6Jia Pei7Xudong Wang8Yanhong Wang9State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaAcid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental problem that frequently occurs in Southern China with sulfuric acid rain (SAR) as the main type. SAR can negatively affect the growth and physiological properties of trees, but mycorrhizal associations may mitigate such detrimental effects. However, the mechanisms by which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi control SAR-induced impacts on <i>Torreya grandis</i> plants remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted on <i>T. grandis</i> seedlings, an economically important tree species in Southern China, in which inoculated and non-inoculated <i>T. grandis</i> seedlings were subjected to three simulated SAR regimes (pH of 5.6, 4.0, and 2.5, respectively) to examine the effects on the growth, osmotic regulation, and nutrient absorption of these seedlings. The results show that, although SAR had no effect on the accumulation of biomass, it significantly decreased the concentrations of proline and soluble protein, shoot Zn<sup>2+</sup>, P, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations, and the Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations of shoots and roots. Mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, significantly increased total biomass, proline concentration, and the Zn<sup>2+</sup>, P, and K<sup>+</sup> concentrations in the shoots of <i>T. grandis</i> under lower pH conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that the combination of root colonization, acid tolerance, and the concentrations of shoot-P, shoot-Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and root-Fe<sup>2+</sup> of <i>T. grandis</i> jointly conferred mycorrhizal benefits on the plants under SAR conditions. Given the enhancement of the nutritional quality of <i>T. grandis</i> owing to mycorrhizal associations, inoculation with <i>R. irregularis</i> may be preferable for the culturing and management of these plants under acidic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/296acid rainarbuscular mycorrhizal fungusacid-tolerance indexnutritional qualitymycorrhizal growth response |
| spellingShingle | Lina Xia Changliang Shao Naili Zhang Aiping Wu Jiangbo Xie Yajing Qiu Xiaobin He Jia Pei Xudong Wang Yanhong Wang Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots Journal of Fungi acid rain arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus acid-tolerance index nutritional quality mycorrhizal growth response |
| title | Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots |
| title_full | Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots |
| title_fullStr | Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots |
| title_short | Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal <i>Torreya grandis</i> Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots |
| title_sort | improved tolerance of mycorrhizal i torreya grandis i seedlings to sulfuric acid rain related to phosphorus and zinc contents in shoots |
| topic | acid rain arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus acid-tolerance index nutritional quality mycorrhizal growth response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/296 |
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